[국회직 9급 영어] 19년 1회차 기출문제 정답·해설 페이지

다음 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 단어는?
The commonest and most conspicuous acts of animal altruism are done by parents, especially mothers, towards their children.

salient

pertinent

concealed

contingent

rudimentary

“conspicuous”(눈에 잘 띄는, 두드러진)와 의미가 가장 가까운 단어는 “salient”(두드러진, 현저한)이다.
지문은 동물의 이타적 행동 중 가장 흔하고 가장 눈에 띄는 것이 부모, 특히 어미가 새끼에게 하는 행동이라고 말한다.
“pertinent”(관련 있는, 적절한)는 눈에 띈다는 뜻이 없다.
“concealed”(숨겨진)는 밑줄 어휘와 반대되는 뜻이다.
“contingent”(~에 달린, 우발적인)는 눈에 띈다는 뜻과 무관하다.
“rudimentary”(기초적인, 초보의)도 눈에 띈다는 뜻과 무관하다.

다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
The neoliberal attack on the population remains intact, ①though less so in the United States than in Europe. Automation is not a major factor, and industrialization isn’t ending, ②just being off-shored. Financialization has of course exploded during the neoliberal period, and the general practices, pretty much global in character, ③designed to enhance private and corporate power. ④That sets off a vicious cycle which in turn yields legislation and administrative practices that carry the process forward. There are countervailing forces, and they might become more powerful. The potential is there, as we can see from the Sanders campaign and even the Trump campaign, if the white working class ⑤to which Trump appeals can become organized to focus on their real interests instead of being in thrall to their class enemy.

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어법상 옳지 않은 것은 “designed”이며, “are designed”로 고쳐야 한다.
“and” 뒤 절의 주어는 “the general practices”인데, 그대로 두면 “designed”가 명사를 꾸미는 과거분사가 되어 절에 정동사가 없게 된다. 관행이 ‘고안되는’ 대상이므로 수동태 정동사가 필요하다.
“though less so”는 양보 접속사 뒤 ‘주어+be동사’가 생략된 형태이고, “so”는 앞의 “intact”를 대신하므로 옳다.
“just being off-shored”는 앞의 “isn’t ending”과 병렬을 이루는 현재진행 수동형(is being off-shored)의 축약으로 옳다.
“That”은 앞 문장 내용 전체를 받는 지시대명사 주어로 옳다.
“to which”는 “appeal to”의 전치사가 관계대명사 앞으로 온 형태로, 뒤 절도 완전하므로 옳다.

다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
At the time of writing, it remains unclear ①what this administration’s plans are in regard to immigration policing more generally. All names are fictitious names ②to protect the identities of our undocumented research collaborators. These facts run contrary to the common belief that the undocumented ③does not pay taxes on their wages. On the contrary, undocumented workers pay billions of dollars annually in income taxes ④using false documents. Many undocumented workers also have a legitimate Individual Taxpayer Identification Number ⑤with which they pay income taxes.

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어법상 옳지 않은 것은 “does”이며, “do”로 고쳐야 한다.
‘the+형용사’는 복수 보통명사로 쓰이므로 “the undocumented”(미등록 체류자들)는 복수 취급한다(주어-동사 수일치). 뒤의 “their wages”도 복수임을 보여 준다.
“what”은 “are”의 보어가 비어 있는 불완전한 절을 이끄는 의문사로, 가주어 “it”의 진주어 절이 되므로 옳다.
“to protect”는 ‘보호하기 위해’라는 목적의 부사적 용법 부정사로 옳다.
“using”은 주어 “undocumented workers”가 서류를 ‘사용하는’ 능동 관계의 분사구문으로 옳다.
“with which”는 ‘그 번호로 세금을 낸다’(pay with the number)는 관계로, 전치사+관계대명사 뒤 절이 완전하므로 옳다.

다음 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 단어는?
The US Congress concluded that, unless the law was reauthorized, “racial and language minority citizens will be deprived of the opportunity to exercise their right to vote, or will have their votes diluted, undermining the significant gains made by minorities in the last 40 years.”

callous

restricted

belligerent

contentious

preposterous

“diluted”(희석된, 효력이 약화된)와 의미가 가장 가까운 단어는 “restricted”(제한된)이다.
지문은 소수자 시민이 투표권 행사 기회를 빼앗기거나 그들의 표가 제 힘을 온전히 내지 못하게 되어 그간의 성과가 훼손될 것이라고 말한다.
“callous”(냉담한)는 표의 효력을 나타내는 말이 아니다.
“belligerent”(호전적인)는 태도를 나타내는 말로 문맥과 무관하다.
“contentious”(논쟁을 불러일으키는)는 약화된다는 뜻이 없다.
“preposterous”(터무니없는)도 약화된다는 뜻이 없다.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현은?
Many baby birds are fed in the nest by their parents. They all gape and scream, and the parent drops a worm or other morsel in the open mouth of one of them. The loudness with which each baby screams is, ideally, proportional to how hungry he is. Therefore, if the parent always gives the food to the loudest screamer, they should all tend to get their fair share, since when one has had enough he will not scream so loudly. At least that is what would happen in the best of all possible worlds, if individuals did not cheat. But in the light of our selfish gene concept we must expect that individuals _________________________________.

will feed their babies

will get their fair share

will not scream so loudly

will tell lies about how hungry they are

will always give the food to the loudest screamer

빈칸에는 “will tell lies about how hungry they are”(자신이 얼마나 배고픈지 거짓말을 할 것이다)가 들어간다.
지문은 새끼들이 “did not cheat”(속이지 않는다)면 공평하게 먹겠지만, “selfish gene”(이기적 유전자) 개념에 비추면 그렇지 않을 것이라고 대조한다. 따라서 빈칸에는 배고픔을 속이는 행동이 와야 한다.
“will feed their babies”는 부모의 행동이어서, 새끼의 속임수라는 대조와 맞지 않는다.
“will get their fair share”는 속임이 없을 때의 이상적인 결과로, “But”의 대조에 어긋난다.
“will not scream so loudly”는 이기적으로 먹이를 더 얻으려는 행동과 반대이다.
“will always give the food to the loudest screamer”는 부모의 행동을 말할 뿐 속임수를 나타내지 않는다.

다음 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 단어는?
Last week, the World Wildlife Fund released their annual Living Planet Report, which estimated that wildlife populations (including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and fish) have fallen by 60% between 1970 and 2014. This represents a staggering and tragic loss of non-human life and ecological heritage. But the loss of wildlife means more than that, according to the WWF. “Our health, food and security depend on (A) _____________,” the report says, and “without healthy natural systems researchers are asking whether continuing human development is possible.” Mike Barrett, one of the authors of the report, puts it more bluntly in an interview with The Guardian: “This is far more than just being about losing the wonders of nature, desperately sad though that is. This is actually now (B)____________ the future of people. Nature is not a ‘nice to have’―it is our life-support system.”

(A) instrumentality / (B) negating

(A) relativity / (B) enhancing

(A) dissimilarity / (B) preserving

(A) productivity / (B) eradicating

(A) biodiversity / (B) jeopardizing

빈칸에는 (A) “biodiversity”(생물 다양성), (B) “jeopardizing”(위태롭게 하는)이 들어간다.
(A)는 야생 생물 감소를 다루며 건강·식량·안보가 기대는 대상이고 뒤의 “healthy natural systems”와 이어진다. (B)는 자연이 “life-support system”(생명 유지 체계)이므로 그 상실이 인류의 미래를 위협한다는 뜻이어야 한다.
“instrumentality”(수단)와 “negating”(부정하는)은 자연 체계에 대한 의존과 미래에 대한 위협을 나타내지 못한다.
“relativity”(상대성)는 무관하고, “enhancing”(증진하는)은 위협이라는 문맥과 반대이다.
“dissimilarity”(차이)는 무관하고, “preserving”(보존하는)도 문맥과 반대이다.
“productivity”(생산성)는 야생 생물 감소의 맥락과 맞지 않고, “eradicating”(근절하는)은 미래를 없앤다는 뜻이 되어 지나치다.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현은?
Consider the results of one well-known psychological study. People were read a word describing a personal attribute that confirmed, countered, or avoided gender stereotypes. They were then given a name and asked to judge whether it was male or female. People responded more quickly when _________________________; so people were faster to the trigger when it was “strong John” and “gentle Jane” than when it was “strong Jane” and “gentle John.” Only when subjects were actively asked to try to counter the stereotype and had a sufficiently low “cognitive constraint” (i.e., enough time) were they able to overcome these automatic responses.

they were asked to try to counter the stereotype than when they were not

the stereotypical attribute matched the name than when it did not

the word was neutral to gender stereotypes than when it was not

they avoided gender stereotypes than when they did not

the sufficient time was given than when it was not

빈칸에는 “the stereotypical attribute matched the name than when it did not”(고정관념상의 속성이 이름과 일치할 때)이 들어간다.
빈칸 뒤 “so”가 이끄는 절에서 “strong John”과 “gentle Jane”이 “strong Jane”과 “gentle John”보다 빨랐다고 하므로, 속성과 이름의 성별이 고정관념대로 맞을 때 반응이 빨랐다는 내용이 와야 한다.
“they were asked to try to counter the stereotype”은 마지막 문장에서 자동 반응을 극복하는 조건으로 나올 뿐, 더 빨랐다는 내용이 아니다.
“the word was neutral to gender stereotypes”는 지문의 예가 중립이 아닌 고정관념 일치 사례라는 점과 맞지 않는다.
“they avoided gender stereotypes”는 고정관념대로 빨리 반응했다는 예시와 반대이다.
“the sufficient time was given”도 자동 반응 극복의 조건이지, 더 빠른 반응의 조건이 아니다.

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Science holds its theories to be ‘true and proven’ under specific circumstances. Science can never state anything with absolute certainty. This causes a problem for us all. We need to hold certain ideas as true and proven in order to carry out our work. Often we come to an arrangement where, for operational reasons, we accept certain things without continually questioning their status, for example we accept that the force of gravity means that objects fall to earth at a rate of 9.81㎨. We understand that this is an average measurement. For school science it is often rounded to 10㎨. The reality of acceleration due to gravity is that this figure will vary according to local conditions, for example it is less off the South coast of India than in the Pacific region. Your mass is approximately 1 per cent less off the coast of India when compared to the average.

Seeking Absolute Truth

Science as a Social System

What To Be Done in Science

The Relativity in Scientific Truth

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 “The Relativity in Scientific Truth”(과학적 진리의 상대성)이다.
지문은 과학이 “under specific circumstances”(특정 조건에서) 이론을 참으로 볼 뿐 “absolute certainty”(절대적 확실성)를 말할 수 없다고 한다. 그 예로 중력 가속도가 평균값이며 지역 조건에 따라 달라진다는 점을 든다.
“Seeking Absolute Truth”는 절대적 확실성을 말할 수 없다는 지문의 요지와 반대이다.
“Science as a Social System”은 과학을 사회 체계로 다루는 내용이 없어 맞지 않는다.
“What To Be Done in Science”는 과학에서 해야 할 일을 제시하는 글이 아니어서 맞지 않는다.
“The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”는 과학 혁명을 다루지 않으므로 맞지 않는다.

다음 빈칸 (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 단어는?
This is a really important part of representation―giving people who struggle to play games the ability to join in, and to be visible on screen. (A)_________ and inclusivity are different parts of the same message. It’s why charities like Special Effect in the UK and Able Gamers in the US are so vital, building hardware and peripherals to (B)_________ disabled players, and advocating for better support throughout the industry. Games are now a (C)__________ element of childhood and teenage life, it is isolating for people with different abilities or backgrounds to find they can’t play, and can’t have avatars that represent them. It is isolating not to be thought of or considered in the culture you desperately want to consume and be part of. In a media-saturated environment, where messages of belonging are constantly transmitted via TV, social media and smartphones, inclusivity is a life buoy. If you do not see yourself on Netflix, on Instagram, in games, in forums, where are you? Do you mean anything? It matters.

(A) Accessibility / (B) assist / (C) habitual

(A) Allegation / (B) encourage / (C) benign

(A) Commitment / (B) exclude / (C) manic

(A) Counterculture / (B) pursue / (C) terse

(A) Misrepresentation / (B) involve / (C) widespread

빈칸에는 (A) “Accessibility”(접근성), (B) “assist”(돕다), (C) “habitual”(일상적인)이 들어간다.
게임을 하기 어려운 사람에게 참여할 능력을 주는 것이 주제이므로 (A)는 “inclusivity”와 짝을 이루는 접근성이다. (B)는 장애 플레이어를 위한 장비 제작의 목적이고, (C)는 게임이 아동·청소년기의 일상적 요소임을 나타낸다.
“Allegation”(혐의 제기)과 “benign”(온화한)은 문맥과 맞지 않는다.
“Commitment”(헌신)는 접근성과 거리가 멀고, “exclude”(배제하다)는 장애 플레이어를 돕는 문맥과 반대이며, “manic”(광적인)도 맞지 않는다.
“Counterculture”(반문화)와 “terse”(간결한)는 문맥과 무관하고, “pursue”(뒤쫓다)도 맞지 않는다.
“involve”와 “widespread”는 문맥상 가능해도, “Misrepresentation”(잘못된 재현)이 포용성과 같은 메시지일 수 없어 맞지 않는다.

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
In a study published Wednesday, researchers from Sorbonne Paris Cite University, said the consumption of sugary soft drinks―including 100% fruit juice―was “significantly associated with the risk of overall cancer.” Artificially -sweetened drinks, like diet soda, were not associated with increased cancer risks, they found. The report’s authors followed 101,257 adults over a five-year period, monitoring their intake of sugary and artificially-sweetened beverages. Sugary drinks were defined as beverages that contained more than 5% sugar, which included fruit juices that had no added sugar. During the study, 2,193 cases of cancer were diagnosed among the participants, the equivalent of around 22 cases per 1,000 people. The majority of those cases were among people who regularly consumed sugary drinks.

Sugary drinks like orange juice may increase the risk of contracting cancer.

The researchers recorded the study participants’ intake of sugary and artificially-sweetened drinks for five years.

The researchers defined sugary drinks as beverages with more than 5% sugar.

Consuming orange juice with no added sugar for a long period of time may reduce the chance of getting a cancer.

During the study, about 2.2% of the study participants were diagnosed as cancer patients.

지문과 일치하지 않는 것은 “Consuming orange juice with no added sugar for a long period of time may reduce the chance of getting a cancer.”이다.
지문은 “including 100% fruit juice”(100% 과일 주스 포함)와 “fruit juices that had no added sugar”(무가당 과일 주스)도 가당 음료로 분류하며, 이들이 암 위험 증가와 연관된다고 했다. 위험을 줄인다는 내용은 없다.
“Sugary drinks like orange juice may increase the risk of contracting cancer.”는 과일 주스를 포함한 가당 음료가 “significantly associated with the risk of overall cancer”라는 내용과 일치한다.
“The researchers recorded the study participants’ intake … for five years.”는 “over a five-year period”에 걸쳐 섭취량을 추적했다는 내용과 일치한다.
“The researchers defined sugary drinks as beverages with more than 5% sugar.”는 지문의 정의 그대로이다.
“about 2.2% of the study participants”는 참가자 101,257명 중 2,193건이 진단되었으므로 약 2.2%로 일치한다.

다음 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 단어는?
Though they vowed that no girl would ever come between them, Biff and Trevor could not keep acrimony from overwhelming their friendship after they both fell in love with the lovely Teresa.

malice

temerity

cordiality

sympathy

recollection

“acrimony”(악감정, 신랄함)와 의미가 가장 가까운 단어는 “malice”(악의, 적의)이다.
두 친구가 같은 여성을 사랑하게 된 뒤 맹세에도 불구하고 우정을 압도해 버린 나쁜 감정을 가리키므로 부정적 감정어가 알맞다.
“temerity”(무모함)는 감정의 적대성을 나타내지 않는다.
“cordiality”(따뜻한 우호)는 밑줄 어휘와 반대되는 뜻이다.
“sympathy”(공감, 동정)는 긍정적 정서로 문맥과 맞지 않는다.
“recollection”(회상)은 문맥과 무관하다.

다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
Michael Phelps is one of ①the most decorated athletes of all time. As the first Olympic swimmer to earn a spot on five Olympic teams and ②the oldest individual swimmer to earn Olympic gold, he’s earned himself the nickname the “Flying Fish.” Swimmers tend to have longer torsos and shorter legs than the average person. ③Standing at 6 feet 4 inches, Phelps has the torso of a man who’s 6 feet 8 inches tall, and the legs of a man 8 inches shorter. Double-jointed elbows allow Phelps ④to create more downward thrust in the water. His large hands also act like paddles. Paired with his extra-long wingspan, his arms serve like propellers to shoot ⑤himself through the water.

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어법상 옳지 않은 것은 “himself”이며, “him”으로 고쳐야 한다.
“his arms serve like propellers to shoot ___”의 동작 주체는 “his arms”이고 목적어는 Phelps이다. 재귀대명사는 주어와 목적어가 같을 때만 쓰므로 목적격 대명사가 맞다.
“the most decorated athletes”는 ‘one of the+최상급+복수명사’ 구문으로 옳다.
“the oldest individual swimmer”는 앞의 “the first Olympic swimmer”와 병렬을 이루는 최상급으로 옳다.
“Standing”은 주어 Phelps가 능동적으로 서 있는 관계의 분사구문으로 옳다.
“to create”는 ‘allow+목적어+to부정사’ 구문으로 옳다.

다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
When students are asked about what they do when studying, they commonly report underlining, highlighting, or otherwise marking material as they try to learn it. We treat these techniques as ①equivalent, given that, conceptually, they should work the same way. The techniques typically appeal to students because they are simple to use, do not ②entail training, and do not require students to invest much time beyond what is already required for reading the material. The question we ask here is, will a technique that is so ③complicated to use actually help students learn? To understand any benefits specific to highlighting and underlining, we do not consider studies in which active marking of text was ④paired with other common techniques, such as note-taking. Although many students report combining multiple techniques, each technique must be evaluated ⑤independently to discover which ones are crucial for success.

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⑤

문맥상 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 낱말은 “complicated”(복잡한)이며, “simple”(간단한) 같은 말로 바뀌어야 한다.
앞 문장에서 이 기법들이 “simple to use”(사용하기 간단한)여서 학생들에게 인기라고 했으므로, “so”가 받는 내용도 간단함이어야 한다.
“equivalent”(동등한)는 뒤의 “they should work the same way”와 맞으므로 적절하다.
“entail”(수반하다)은 훈련이 필요 없다는 뜻을 이루어 간단함과 맞으므로 적절하다.
“paired”(짝지어진)는 필기 등 다른 기법과 병행했다는 뜻으로 적절하다.
“independently”(독립적으로)는 각 기법을 따로 평가해야 한다는 뜻으로 뒤의 “which ones”와 맞으므로 적절하다.

다음 빈칸 (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 단어는?
The present report has no other object than to call attention to the alarming fact that the Atlantic Ocean is becoming seriously polluted and that a continued (A)_________ use of the world’s oceans as an international dumping ground for (B)_________ human refuse may have (C)_________ effects on the productivity and very survival of plant and animal species.

(A) sensible / (B) imperishable / (C) inviolable

(A) indiscriminate / (B) imperishable / (C) irrepairable

(A) indiscriminate / (B) imperishable / (C) inviolable

(A) indiscriminate / (B) decomposable / (C) irrepairable

(A) sensible / (B) decomposable / (C) inviolable

빈칸에는 (A) “indiscriminate”(무분별한), (B) “imperishable”(썩지 않는), (C) “irrepairable”(회복할 수 없는)이 들어간다.
대양이 심각하게 오염된다는 경고이므로, 바다를 쓰레기장으로 쓰는 일은 무분별한 것이고, 그 결과는 동식물종의 생존까지 위협하는 돌이킬 수 없는 영향이어야 한다.
“sensible”(분별 있는)은 경고의 문맥에 맞지 않고, “inviolable”(침범할 수 없는)은 “effects”를 꾸미기에 맞지 않다.
(A)와 (B)가 “indiscriminate”, “imperishable”이어도 (C)의 “inviolable”이 맞지 않다.
“decomposable”(분해되는)은 썩지 않는 쓰레기가 쌓인다는 위험을 나타내지 못한다.
“sensible”, “decomposable”, “inviolable”은 세 빈칸 모두 경고의 문맥과 어긋난다.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현은?
In a classic study, baby rats were placed in a sensorially deprived environment. Another group was raised in a sensory-rich environment. The sensory-deprived group suffered stunted brain development. They couldn’t find their way through a simple maze and were prone to aggressive, violent social behavior. The sensory-rich rodents developed larger, better connected brains. They learned complex mazes quickly and played happily together. Rats are used in experiments like this because their nervous systems show many similarities to ours. So make every effort to create a brain-nourishing environment at home, beginning in the womb. Research by Dr. Thomas Verny and many others shows that your unborn baby will be positively influenced, for example, by listening to Mozart. Once they are born, take every opportunity ___________________________________. Lots of loving touch and cuddling is particularly important to your growing child’s neurological and emotional development.

to make them get acquainted with the history of classical music

to create a rich and refined sensory environment for your children

to enhance loving touch and cuddling without sensory stimulation

to ensure healthy brain development by providing a safe environment

to bring your children to the educational environment for physical development

빈칸에는 “to create a rich and refined sensory environment for your children”(아이에게 풍부하고 세련된 감각 환경을 만들어 주는 것)이 들어간다.
쥐 실험은 “sensory-rich” 환경이 두뇌 발달을 돕는다고 보여 주고, 글쓴이는 “a brain-nourishing environment”를 만들라고 권한다. 뒤 문장의 사랑 어린 접촉도 감각 자극의 예이다.
“to make them get acquainted with the history of classical music”은 음악사 학습을 말하는데, 지문의 모차르트는 감각 환경의 예일 뿐이다.
“to enhance loving touch and cuddling without sensory stimulation”은 감각 자극을 배제하므로 지문의 요지와 어긋난다.
“to ensure healthy brain development by providing a safe environment”는 안전을 말하는데, 지문의 핵심은 감각 자극의 풍부함이다.
“to bring your children to the educational environment for physical development”는 신체 발달을 위한 교육 환경을 말하므로 두뇌·감각 중심의 지문과 맞지 않는다.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 단어는?
The geologists who defined the fossil hallmarks of the Permian in the 1840s must have feared Lyell’s criticism, for they failed to mention the signs of mass extinction at the end of that period. It seems unlikely that they simply overlooked it. The Permian extinction obliterated ecosystems as complex as any on Earth today. On land, 10-foot-long saber-toothed reptiles succumbed, and grazing, root-grubbing, and insect-eating lizards _______________, along with the plants and bugs they ate. In the ocean, reefs teeming with life were reduced to bare skeletons. The Permian even finished off the lowly trilobite―perhaps the one celebrity species of the predinosaur era.

evolved

wrested

procured

vanished

flourished

빈칸에는 “vanished”(사라졌다)가 들어간다.
지문은 페름기 대멸종이 생태계를 “obliterated”(말살했다)고 하고, 앞의 대형 파충류가 “succumbed”(죽었다)고 한다. 이어지는 도마뱀들도 먹이인 동식물과 함께 사라졌다는 내용이어야 한다.
“evolved”(진화했다)는 멸종의 문맥과 반대이다.
“wrested”(비틀어 빼앗았다)는 문맥과 무관하고 타동사라 목적어도 없다.
“procured”(조달했다)도 문맥과 무관하고 타동사라 목적어가 없다.
“flourished”(번성했다)는 대멸종의 문맥과 반대이다.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현은?
Firefighters contained a major fire at Paris’ Notre Dame Cathedral on Monday. Throngs of tourists and locals gathered nearby to watch and take images of a massive fire that engulfed parts of the 12th-century landmark. Paris fire commander Jean-Claude Gallet said hundreds of firefighters were able to stop the flames from spreading to the north tower belfry, and __________________________________. Major renovations were underway to address cracks in the foundation which inspectors think is the probable cause of the fire. The many works of art inside the cathedral include three stained-glass rose windows. A Catholic relic, the crown of thorns, was placed on display for Lent, which begins this week. “Like all our countrymen, I’m sad tonight to see this part of us burn,” French President Emmanuel Macron said in a tweet; however, he said that the cathedral will be rebuilt through a national fundraising campaign.

stunned spectators watched in horror

the cathedral had closed to the public

cracks had started to appear in the foundation

the structure was saved from total destruction

some of the artwork had not actually been removed

빈칸에는 “the structure was saved from total destruction”(구조물이 완전한 파괴를 면했다)이 들어간다.
빈칸은 “Paris fire commander … said” 뒤에서 소방관들이 불길이 북쪽 종탑으로 번지는 것을 막았다는 내용과 “and”로 이어진다. 따라서 진화 성과를 전하는 내용이 알맞다.
“stunned spectators watched in horror”는 구경꾼의 반응으로, 소방 지휘관이 전하는 진화 성과가 아니다.
“the cathedral had closed to the public”은 지문에 언급이 없고 진화 성과와도 무관하다.
“cracks had started to appear in the foundation”은 보수 공사의 배경일 뿐 진화 성과가 아니다.
“some of the artwork had not actually been removed”는 지문에 근거가 없고 불길을 막았다는 내용과 이어지지 않는다.

대화의 흐름으로 보아 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 표현은?
A: David, I am having a problem with reading this chart.
B: What’s wrong?
A: I think I understand latitude and longitude, but I do not fully understand minutes and seconds.
B: Well, “minutes” and “seconds” mean something different in nautical terms. ____________________________.
A: What do you mean?
B: Well, a nautical minute measures distance.

They are not the same as ordinary ones

They use the various navigational techniques

They are different depending on how to use GPS

People have trained students to draw their own charts

People have used the different technology since early human history

빈칸에는 “They are not the same as ordinary ones”(일반적인 분·초와 같지 않아)가 들어간다.
앞에서 “minutes”와 “seconds”가 항해 용어로는 “something different”(다른 것)를 뜻한다고 했고, 뒤에서 항해의 분은 “measures distance”(거리를 잰다)고 설명한다. 곧 일상의 시간 단위와 다르다는 말이 와야 한다.
“They use the various navigational techniques”는 분·초가 기법을 쓴다는 뜻이 되어 맞지 않는다.
“They are different depending on how to use GPS”는 GPS 이야기가 대화에 없어 맞지 않는다.
“People have trained students to draw their own charts”는 뜻의 차이를 묻는 흐름과 무관하다.
“People have used the different technology since early human history”도 용어의 뜻을 묻는 흐름과 무관하다.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
For example, due to the distortion, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path.

The goldfish’s picture of reality is different from ours, but can we be sure it is less real? ① The goldfish view is not the same as our own, but goldfish could still formulate scientific laws governing the motion of the objects they observe outside their bowl. ② Nevertheless, the goldfish could formulate scientific laws from their distorted frame of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl. ③ Their laws would be more complicated than the laws in our frame. ④ However, simplicity is a matter of taste. ⑤ If a goldfish formulated such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish’s view as a valid picture of reality.

①

②

③

④

⑤

주어진 문장은 “Nevertheless, the goldfish could formulate scientific laws …” 문장 바로 앞에 들어가야 한다.
주어진 문장은 “For example”로 금붕어의 관점이 우리와 다르다는 앞 문장을 예시하고, “due to the distortion”으로 왜곡을 처음 구체화한다. 뒤의 “Nevertheless”는 이 왜곡된 관찰에도 불구하고 법칙을 세울 수 있다고 이어받는다.
“The goldfish view is not the same as our own” 앞은 예시의 대상이 되는 내용이 아직 나오지 않아 맞지 않다.
“Their laws would be more complicated” 앞은 “Their laws”가 앞의 “scientific laws”를 곧바로 받아야 하므로 끼어들 수 없다.
“However, simplicity is a matter of taste.” 앞은 “However”가 복잡하다는 앞 문장과 대조되므로 흐름을 끊는다.
“If a goldfish formulated such a theory” 앞은 “such a theory”가 앞의 법칙 논의를 받아 결론을 맺는 자리여서 맞지 않다.

다음 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 단어는?
The surge in (A) ____________ rhetoric around the world is being accompanied by a rise in the introduction of protectionist measures by the world’s leading economies, the World Trade Organization has warned. The WTO said in a report released on Tuesday that between mid-October of last year and mid-May of 2016 G20 economies had introduced new protectionist trade measures at the fastest pace seen since the 2008 financial crisis, rolling out the equivalent of five each week. That trend coincided with a slowdown in global trade now in its fifth year. Moreover, it was contributing to the persistent slow growth in the global economy, the WTO said, and the fact it was coinciding with a(n) (B) ____________ in protectionist political rhetoric around the world ought to be worrying.

(A) hostile / (B) plummet

(A) democratic / (B) embargo

(A) emotional / (B) initiative

(A) banal / (B) restraint

(A) antitrade / (B) increase

빈칸에는 (A) “antitrade”(반무역의), (B) “increase”(증가)가 들어간다.
첫 문장은 (A) 수사의 “surge”(급증)가 “protectionist measures”(보호무역 조치)의 증가와 함께 나타난다고 하므로 (A)는 보호무역적 성격의 말이다. (B)도 “protectionist political rhetoric”의 증가를 경고하는 문맥이다.
“hostile”(적대적인)만으로는 무역 관련성이 약하고, “plummet”(급락)은 수사의 증가라는 문맥과 반대이다.
“democratic”(민주적인)은 보호무역과 무관하고, “embargo”(금수 조치)는 수사에 대해 쓸 수 없다.
“emotional”(감정적인)은 보호무역과 직접 관련이 없고, “initiative”(계획)도 수사의 추세를 나타내지 못한다.
“banal”(진부한)은 문맥과 무관하고, “restraint”(억제)는 증가 추세와 반대이다.