[법원직 9급 전산·사서 영어] 26년 1회차 기출문제 정답·해설 페이지

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈 칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The Reasoning with Machines Laboratory at the University of Oxford got a team of doctors to create detailed, realistic scenarios that ranged from mild health issues you could deal with at home; through to needing a routine *GP appointment, an **A&E trip, or requiring calling an ambulance. When the chatbots were given the complete picture they were 95% accurate. “They were amazing, actually, nearly perfect,” researcher Prof Adam Mahdi tells me. But it was a very different story when 1,300 people were given a scenario to have a conversation with a chatbot about in order to get a diagnosis and advice. It was the human-AI interaction that made things unravel as the accuracy fell to 35% - two thirds of the time people were getting the wrong diagnosis or care.
*GP 일반의
**A&E 응급실
Chatbots show high accuracy when given  (A) 
information, but their  (B)  drops sharply during human interaction due to limitations in how information is communicated.

medical / response

broken / accuracy

complete / stimulus

full / performance

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
We’ve all experienced craving in the aftermath of pleasure.

(A)The simple solution is to keep eating, or playing, or watching, or reading. But there’s a problem with that. With repeated exposure to the same or similar pleasure stimulus, the initial *deviation to the side of pleasure gets weaker and shorter and the after-response to the side of pain gets stronger and longer, a process scientists call neuroadaptation.
(B)Whether it’s reaching for a second potato chip or clicking the link for another round of video games, it’s natural to want to re-create those good feelings or try not to let them fade away.
(C)That is, with repetition, our **gremlins get bigger, faster, and more numerous, and we need more of our drug of choice to get the same effect. Needing more of a substance to feel pleasure, or experiencing less pleasure at a given dose, is called tolerance. Tolerance is an important factor in the development of addiction.
*deviation 일탈, 편향
**gremlin 그렘린(기계에 고장을 일으키는 것으로 여겨지는 가상의 존재)

(A) - (C) - (B)

(B) - (A) - (C)

(B) - (C) - (A)

(C) - (B) - (A)

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
You can hardly blame a dark-skinned person for not whitening his skin, but people can and do accuse Africans or Muslims of failing to adopt the norms and values of Western culture. Which is not to say that such accusations are necessarily justified. In many cases there is little reason to adopt the dominant culture, and in many other cases it is an all but impossible mission. African Americans from a poverty-stricken slum who honestly try to fit into the hegemonic American culture might first find their way blocked by institutional discrimination-only to be accused later of not having made sufficient effort, and so they have nobody but themselves to blame for their troubles.

The Unfair Blame on Minorities

The Disadvantages of Racism

The Fall of the Western Culture

Why Do the Minorities Blame Themselves for Being Discriminated?

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
NASA’s Earth Science Division(ESD) established the CSDA(Commercial Satellite Data Acquisition) program to identify, evaluate, and acquire commercial remote sensing data that ①enhances NASA’s Earth science research and applications. CSDA provides structured *on-ramping opportunities for emerging commercial satellite data vendors, ②enabling NASA to continuously integrate innovative data sources as the private sector evolves. By leveraging these partnerships, NASA’s ESD aims to accelerate scientific discovery and ③restrict applications of Earth observation data for the NASA Earth science research and applications community and societal benefit. Since its initial pilot, the CSDA Program has conducted three on-ramp activities, resulting in the addition of several vendors into ④sustainment.
*on-ramping 새롭게 등장하는

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다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
Students at R.E. Mountain Secondary will benefit from modern learning spaces, ①improving the quality of education and daily school experience. The addition will include new classrooms as well as specialty learning spaces, creating more opportunities for students to select electives, such as art and cooking, ②that further support their learning and growth. The Province is investing approximately $42 million in the addition. “Families in Langley are part of a growing community, and students need space to learn and thrive,” said Lisa Beare, Minister of Education and Child Care. “This new addition creates 300 more seats and helps ③meeting rising enrolment in Willoughby. It also means more access to modern classrooms and learning spaces. We are making sure students have the tools they need today, while ④building strong school communities for the future.”

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다음 글에 나타난 필자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
“Why won’t you include me?” I whined into my cell phone as if I were tattling on an older child for neglecting me. As if I hadn’t been invited to a birthday party. “You have to live your life,” my mother said. “You’re twenty-five. It’s an important year. Your dad and I can handle this together.” More news had come and none of it was good. Dr. Lee, an *oncologist in Eugene, had diagnosed her with stage IV **pancreatic cancer. There was a 3 percent chance of survival without surgery. With surgery, it would take months to recover, and even then, there was only a 20 percent chance of emerging cancer-free. My father was fighting for an appointment at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston for a second opinion. Over the phone my mom pronounced it “pancry-arty” cancer and “Andy Anderson,” which led me to believe our only hope lay in the hands of some kind of Toy Story character.
*oncologist 종양전문의
**pancreatic cancer 췌장암

worried and helpless

indifferent and sarcastic

excluded and independent

angry and frightened

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
Humankind is facing ①unprecedented revolutions, all our old stories are crumbling, and no new story has so far emerged to replace them. How can we prepare ②ourselves and our children for a world of such transformations and radical uncertainties? A baby born today will be thirty-something in 2050. If all goes well, that baby will be around in 2100, and might even be an active citizen of the twenty-second century. What should we teach that baby that will help him or her ③to survive in the world of 2050 or of the twenty-second century? What kind of skills will he or she need in order to get a job, understand what is happening around him or her, and ④navigating the maze of life?

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다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
I started taking lessons once a week at the most ①embarrassing place one ②can learn how to play the guitar—the Lesson Factory. The Lesson Factory was like the Walmart of guitar lessons. It was connected to the Guitar Center and inside there were about ten soundproof cubicles, each ③equipped with two chairs and two amplifiers and your very own defeated musician recruited off Craigslist. I was lucky enough to be paired with a teacher I actually liked, who ④must consider me a welcome break from prepubescent boys who exclusively wanted to learn how to play Green Day songs and the intro to “Stairway to Heaven.”

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다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Social scientists have long studied traps where each individual does what she thinks is best for herself (such as overfishing in a local pond), even though, when everyone makes the same choice, it leads to a bad outcome for all (the pond stops producing any fish). If the group could coordinate (such as by setting a limit on how many fish each resident can take), the long-term outcome would be far more fish for everyone. These traps are called collective action problems (or sometimes social dilemmas). Preteens are trapped in a collective action problem when they arrive for their first day of sixth grade and see that some of their classmates have gotten smartphones and are connecting on Instagram and Snapchat, even during class time. That puts pressure on them to get a smartphone and social media, even though all students would be better off if none of them had these things.

the positive long-term result of a limit on overfishing

the influence of adopting technologies from early ages

the importance of individual egoism in solving social dilemmas

the inescapable cycle of peer-driven tech adoption among preteens

다음 글에 나타난 Anette의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?
When school started up for the summer session, before the crops had to be harvested, Anette was told that she could attend when she wasn’t needed at home. Mother Pedersen gave her a slate and a shiny new lunch bucket but warned her, “They cost a dime. A whole dime, do you understand? If you lose them, you can’t go to school anymore. And come right home after. No *dawdling.” Anette ran the mile north carrying the slate and bucket along with a **flicker of hope, hugging them carefully, terrified that all three would be taken away from her, or fall to the earth and break into pieces. But school hadn’t turned out to be much better than her new home; she couldn’t understand English, her overworked muscles ***cramped up from sitting at the bench for so long, and sometimes she fell asleep without warning. The other children—twelve assorted Norwegians, Swedes, and Germans—were polite, but they all knew that she was only a hired girl with no family. So they kept their distance.
*dawdle 꾸물거리다
**flicker 깜빡거림
***cramp up 경련이 일다

indifferent → passionate

doubtful → comforted

confident → insecure

expectant → frustrated

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
You might be thinking: No, humans are different! We are smarter than animals, we are rational beings, we are self-aware, we plan ahead, we are free, we are moral agents. Hence we have rights that other animals do not have, and we are entitled to use other animals as we wish. But, as Bentham pointed out, this argument has the implication that human infants—who are less rational, less self-aware, and less capable of planning ahead than many nonhuman animals—would also lack rights, and we would thus be entitled to use them as we use animals. The same would hold for some humans beyond infancy who, whether from a genetic abnormality, or brain damage, will never match the cognitive capacities of some nonhuman animals. Moreover, a series of studies has shown that differences in mental capacities don’t really explain why people give humans moral priority over other animals. On the contrary, when subjects were asked to say whom they would help in a situation in which they must choose between a human and a chimpanzee, 66 percent chose to help the human, even when told that the chimpanzee had more advanced mental capacities than the human.

인간은 동물보다 뛰어난 인지 능력을 갖춘 이성적 존재이다.

유아를 성인보다 인지 능력이 낮다는 이유로 함부로 대해서는 안 된다.

인지 능력의 차이는 인간의 도덕적 우선권을 부여할 근거가 되지 않는다.

동물의 인지 능력이 인간을 능가할 수 있으므로 동물권은 보호되어야 한다.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
The arts are a study on what it is to be human; they tap into our subjective experience of the world and help us to make sense of our lives. This ①enrichment of the subjective *realm is difficult to quantify and by trying we reduce the very art we wish to protect. A school that shrinks the arts provision that its pupils can access is making a decision about what they think their ②priorities should be. If they are guided by **utilitarian choices then it is easy for them to cut back on arts programmes because it is far less ③difficult to justify the arts on these terms than, say, maths. But if they are guided by the desire to educate their pupils as to what is important to them as human beings to make sense of the world and their place within it, then they will do their very best to ④ensure the arts have a proper and sustainable place in their curriculum.
*realm 영역, 왕국
**utilitarian 실용적인, 공리주의의

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다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
England’s updated school food standards aim to tackle rising childhood obesity by removing deep-fried foods and sugary desserts. School meals are vital for children’s health and learning, especially for disadvantaged groups most affected by obesity. However, a Brighton pilot showed a 15% drop in meal uptake, with students preferring packed lunches that are often less healthy. Schools and caterers face budget cuts when uptake falls, while older pupils may reject unappealing food. Ministers must balance stricter nutrition rules with maintaining participation, adequate funding, and student preferences. The government seeks a “transformation in enjoyment” alongside better nutrition, but success requires evidence-based adjustments, listening to schools, and recognizing that school food alone cannot solve poverty and diet problems. Simply tightening standards risks unintended consequences.

Government should consider various issues for school meal reform.

Students should participate in school meal reform.

Both taste and nutrition should be the sole major concerns in school catering.

Government must pass a law to lower the standards for school meals.

다음 중 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
The last few decades have been the most peaceful era in human history. Whereas in early agricultural societies human violence caused up to 15 percent of all human deaths, and in the twentieth century it caused 5 percent, today it is responsible for only 1 percent. Yet since the global financial crisis of 2008 the international situation is rapidly *deteriorating, **warmongering is back in vogue, and military expenditures are ballooning. Both laypeople and experts fear that just as in 1914 the murder of an Austrian ***archduke sparked the First World War, so in 2018 some incident in the Syrian desert or an unwise move in the Korean Peninsula might ignite a global conflict.
*deteriorate 악화되다
**warmongering 호전주의
***archduke 대공

지난 수십 년간은 평화의 시기였다.

전체 사망 중 폭력의 비율은 농경시대부터 지금까지 14퍼센트포인트 하락했다.

2008년 세계 금융위기 이후 군비지출이 감소했다.

시리아 사막의 사건과 한반도의 움직임이 세계적 분쟁의 원인이 될 수 있다.

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 가장 관계 없는 문장은?
Because lying takes increased mental effort, some experts on lie detection believe that increasing overall cognitive load may make lying behavior easier to detect in real time because the individual would have fewer cognitive resources to devote to constructing and maintaining a *plausible lie. This cognitive perspective of lie detection suggests an overload should more dramatically increase the amount of time it takes to construct a convincing lie, as compared to when an individual is telling the truth. ① However, most adults have a truth bias and can only detect deception about 50 percent of the time or at about chance levels. ② To overload mental resources, interviewers may ask people to complete additional tasks while being interviewed or **interrogated. ③ They may also add time pressure by asking the person to answer the questions quickly, increase stress, or increase the intensity of ***physiological cues such as tiredness or hunger. ④ All of these extra stressors increase demands on mental effort, which should increase the differences in response times between lying and honest responses.
*plausible 그럴 듯한
**interrogate 심문하다
***physiological 생리적

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카피바라에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
You thought the beaver was a *rodent of unusual size? The capybara is twice that big—the biggest rodent on Earth. These impressive semi-aquatic mammals are found throughout northern and central South America. Like beavers, capybaras are strong swimmers. Their pig-shaped bodies are adapted for life in bodies of water found in forests, seasonally flooded savannas, and wetlands. Their toes are partially webbed for paddling around, and their reddish to dark brown fur is long and rough—perfect for drying out quickly on land. Like other rodents, capybaras’ teeth grow continuously, and they wear them down by grazing on aquatic plants, grasses, and other plentiful plants.
*rodent 설치류

카피바라는 지구상에서 가장 큰 설치류로, 비버보다 두 배 크다.

카피바라는 북아메리카 남부와 중부에 걸쳐 서식한다.

카피바라는 발가락에 부분적으로 물갈퀴가 있고, 털은 길고 거칠어 육지에서 빠르게 마른다.

카피바라의 이빨은 계속 자라며, 수생 식물과 풀, 그리고 다양한 식물을 먹으면서 이를 닳게 한다.

다음 글의 빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The revolutions in biotech and infotech will give us control of the world inside us and will enable us to engineer and manufacture life. We will learn how to design brains, extend lives, and kill thoughts at our *discretion. Nobody knows what the consequences will be. Humans were always far better at inventing tools than using them wisely. It is easier to manipulate a river by building a dam than it is to predict all the complex consequences this will have for the wider ecological system. Similarly, it will ____________________________ than to **divine what that will do to our personal psychology or to our social systems.
*discretion 재량권
**divine 예측하다

be easier to redirect the flow of our minds

be simpler to avoid using the new technology

be more difficult to invent new global systems

be less complicated to reflect our social systems

다음 글의 빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Exactly who should be taking aspirin regularly, and when, ___________________________. Some researchers believe that the combined benefits for cardiovascular disease and cancer should inspire wider uptake. Burn, who has taken aspirin as a preventative measure in the past, is optimistic about its potential for public health. “We did a big study where we showed that if every 50-something year-old took a baby aspirin for ten years, the national mortality from all causes would be reduced by 4%,” says Burn. Most researchers argue that it should only be restricted to particular patients, however. “It’s one thing to give aspirin to a cancer population but it’s a totally different thing to offer the healthy population something that might harm them as well,” says Martling. That’s because aspirin can have serious adverse effects, and it isn’t likely to work for all people or all cancers.

has been conclusively determined on scientific grounds

remains an ongoing matter of heated debate

constitutes a pivotal public health priority

paves the way for innovative therapeutic paradigms

Steller sea lions에 대한 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
As the largest species of eared seals, male steller sea lions can reach eleven to twelve feet and weigh up to 2,500 pounds. Once fully mature, they also sport a mane of fur around their necks, like a lion. Females are much smaller, growing to about nine feet and around a thousand pounds. Living in cold ocean waters, these sea lions rely on a thick layer of fat called blubber to stay warm. Their large bodies also help them dive deep—more than a thousand feet—to hunt fish and squid at night.

귀가 있는 물개류 중 가장 큰 종이다.

수컷은 완전히 성숙하면 목 주변에 사자와 같은 갈기 형태의 털을 갖게 된다.

암컷은 약 11~12피트까지 자라고, 무게는 약 1000파운드 정도로 자란다.

차가운 바다에 살며 1000피트가 넘는 깊이까지 잠수하여 물고기와 오징어를 사냥한다.

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
I didn’t make the team, though I did show enough improvement to justify practicing with my friends who had made the team, and that was all I really wanted. I learned that grandma was right: Golf was a rich person’s game.

(A)I resisted the urge to bury my putter in his ear, remembering grandma’s *sage advice to “act like you’ve been there.”
(B)At the course where I worked, few of our customers came from Middletown’s working-class neighborhoods. On my first day of golf practice, I showed up in dress shoes, thinking that was what golf shoes were.
(C)When an enterprising young bully noticed before the first tee that I was wearing a pair of Kmart brown loafers, he proceeded to mock me mercilessly for the next four hours.
*sage 현명한

(B) - (A) - (C)

(B) - (C) - (A)

(C) - (A) - (B)

(C) - (B) - (A)