Which of the following best fits in the… | [국회직 8급 영어] 24년 1회차 기출문제 상세 페이지

Which of the following best fits in the blank?
Serious problems arise for utilitarianism when we remind ourselves that it enjoins us to bring about the best consequences. What does this mean? It doesn’t mean the best consequences for me alone, or for my family or friends, or any other person taken individually. No, what we must do is, roughly, as follows: we must add up the separate satisfactions and frustrations of everyone likely to be affected by our choice, the satisfactions in one column, the frustrations in the other. We must total each column for each of the options before us. That is what it means to say the theory is       . And then we must choose that option which is most likely to bring about the best balance of totaled satisfactions over totaled frustrations. Whatever act would lead to this outcome is the one we ought morally to perform ― it is where our moral duty lies. And that act quite clearly might not be the same one that would bring about the best results for me personally, or for my family or friends, or for a lab animal.

aggregative

optimistic

ideal

individual specific

realistic

빈칸에는 “aggregative”(합산적인)가 들어가야 한다.
빈칸 앞에서 영향받는 모든 사람의 만족과 좌절을 “add up”(더하고) 각 항목을 “total”(합계 낸다)고 설명한다. “That is what it means”는 이 모두의 이해를 합산하는 절차를 가리킨다.
“optimistic”(낙관적인): 결과를 낙관한다는 내용이 아니다.
“ideal”(이상적인): 설명된 것은 이상이 아니라 합산 방식이다.
“individual specific”(개인에 특정된): 특정 개인이 아닌 전체를 합산한다는 내용과 반대된다.
“realistic”(현실적인): 합계를 내는 절차의 현실성은 논의되지 않는다.