[법원직 9급 영어] 21년 1회차 기출문제 정답·해설 페이지

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Microorganisms are not calculating entities. They don’t care what they do to you any more than you care what distress you cause when you slaughter them by the millions with a soapy shower. The only time a pathogen cares about you is when it kills you too well. If they eliminate you before they can move on, then they may well die out themselves. This in fact sometimes happens. History, Jared Diamond notes, is full of diseases that “once caused terrifying epidemics and then disappeared as mysteriously as they had come.” He cites the robust but mercifully transient English sweating sickness, which raged from 1485 to 1552, killing tens of thousands as it went, before burning itself out. Too much efficiency is not a good thing for any infectious organism.
*pathogen 병원체

↓
The more  (A)  pathogens are, the faster it is likely be to  (B) .

(A)  (B)

weaker ---- disappear

weaker ---- spread

infectious ---- spread

infectious ---- disappear

밑줄 친 “drains the mind”가 위 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
If the writing is solid and good, the mood and temper of the writer will eventually be revealed and not at the expense of the work. Therefore, to achieve style, begin by affecting none―that is, draw the reader’s attention to the sense and substance of the writing. A careful and honest writer does not need to worry about style. As you become proficient in the use of language, your style will emerge, because you yourself will emerge, and when this happens you will find it increasingly easy to break through the barriers that separate you from other minds and at last, make you stand in the middle of the writing. Fortunately, the act of composition, or creation, disciplines the mind; writing is one way to go about thinking, and the practice and habit of writing drains the mind.

to heal the mind

to help to be sensitive

to satisfy his/her curiosity

to place oneself in the background

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Some of our dissatisfactions with self and with our lot in life are based on real circumstances, and some are false and simply (A)(perceive / perceived) to be real. The perceived must be sorted out and discarded. The real will either fall into the changeable or the unchangeable classification. If it’s in the latter, we must strive to accept it. If it’s in the former, then we have the alternative to strive instead to remove, exchange, or modify it. All of us have a unique purpose in life; and all of us are gifted, just (B)(different / differently) gifted. It’s not an argument about whether it’s fair or unfair to have been given one, five, or ten talents; it’s about what we have done with our talents. It’s about how well we have invested (C)(them / those) we have been given. If one holds on to the outlook that their life is unfair, then that’s really holding an offense against God.

(A) (B) (C)

perceive different them

perceive differently those

perceived different them

perceived differently those

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
People assume that, by charging a low price or one lower than their competitors, they will get more customers. This is a common fallacy.

(A)It is, therefore, far better to have lower-volume, higher-margin products and services as you start; you can always negotiate to reduce your price if you are forced to, but it is rare that you will be able to negotiate an increase.
(B)It is because when you charge reduced prices compared to your competition, you attract the lower end of the customer market. These customers want more for less and often take up more time and overhead in your business. They may also be your most difficult customers to deal with and keep happy.
(C)You also, ironically, repel the better customers because they will pay a higher price for a higher level of product or service. We have seen many competitors come into the market and charge day rates that aren’t sustainable. They often struggle even to fill their quota, and soon enough they give up and move on to doing something else.
*repel 쫓아 버리다

(B) - (A) - (C)

(B) - (C) - (A)

(C) - (A) - (B)

(C) - (B) - (A)

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
Children who enjoy writing are often interested in seeing ①their work in print. One informal approach is to type, print, and post their poetry. Or you can create a photocopied anthology of the poetry of many child writers. But for children who are truly dedicated and ambitious, ② submit a poem for publication is a worthy goal. And there are several web and print resources that print children’s original poetry. Help child poets become familiar with the protocol for submitting manuscripts (style, format, and so forth). Let them choose ③which poems they are most proud of, keep copies of everything submitted, and get parent permission. Then celebrate with them when their work is accepted and appear in print. Congratulate them, ④publicly showcase their accomplishment, and spread the word. Success inspires success. And, of course, if their work is rejected, offer support and encouragement.
*anthology 문집, 선집, **protocol 규약, 의례

①

②

③

④

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
With love and strength from the tribe, the tiny seeds mature and grow tall and crops for the people.

In the Pueblo indian culture, corn is to the people the very symbol of life. ( ① ) The Corn Maiden "grandmother of the sun and the light" brought this gift, bringing the power of life to the people. ( ② ) As the corn is given life by the sun, the Corn Maiden brings the fire of the sun into the human bodies, giving man many representations of his love and power through nature. ( ③ ) Each Maiden brings one seed of corn that is nurtured with love like that given to a child and this one seed would sustain the entire tribe forever. ( ④ ) The spirit of the Corn Maidens is forever present with the tribal people.

①

②

③

④

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Beeches, oaks, spruce and pines produce new growth all the time, and have to get rid of the old. The most obvious change happens every autumn. The leaves have served their purpose: they are now worn out and riddled with insect damage. Before the trees bid them adieu, they pump waste products into them. You could say they are taking this opportunity to relieve themselves. Then they grow a layer of weak tissue to separate each leaf from the twig it’s growing on, and the leaves tumble to the ground in the next breeze. The rustling leaves that now blanket the ground―and make such a satisfying scrunching sound when you scuffle through them―are basically       .

tree toilet paper

the plant kitchen

lungs of the tree

parents of insects

글의 흐름상 가장 어색한 문장은?
Fiction has many uses and one of them is to build empathy. When you watch TV or see a film, you are looking at things happening to other people. Prose fiction is something you build up from 26 letters and a handful of punctuation marks, and you, and you alone, using your imagination, create a world and live there and look out through other eyes. ①You get to feel things, and visit places and worlds you would never otherwise know. ②Fortunately, in the last decade, many of the world’s most beautiful and unknown places have been put in the spotlight. ③You learn that everyone else out there is a me, as well. ④You’re being someone else, and when you return to your own world, you’re going to be slightly changed.

①

②

③

④

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The seeds of willows and poplars are so minuscule that you can just make out two tiny dark dots in the fluffy flight hairs. One of these seeds weighs a mere 0.0001 grams. With such a meagre energy reserve, a seedling can grow only 1–2 millimetres before it runs out of steam and has to rely on food it makes for itself using its young leaves. But that only works in places where there’s no competition to threaten the tiny sprouts. Other plants casting shade on it would extinguish the new life immediately. And so, if a fluffy little seed package like this falls in a spruce or beech forest, the seed’s life is over before it’s even begun. That’s why willows and poplars       .
*minuscule 아주 작은

prefer settling in unoccupied territory

have been chosen as food for herbivores

have evolved to avoid human intervention

wear their dead leaves far into the winter

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
Good walking shoes are important. Most major athletic brands offer shoes especially designed for walking. Fit and comfort are more important than style; your shoes should feel ①supportive but not tight or constricting. The uppers should be light, breathable, and flexible, the insole moisture-resistant, and the sole ②shock-absorbent. The heel wedge should be ③lowered, so the sole at the back of the shoe is two times thicker than at the front. Finally, the toe box should be ④spacious, even when you're wearing athletic socks.

supportive

shock-absorbent

lowered

spacious

다음 글의 요지로 가장 알맞은 것은?
If your kids fight every time they play video games, make sure you’re close enough to be able to hear them when they sit down to play. Listen for the particular words or tones of voice they are using that are aggressive, and try to intervene before it develops. Once tempers have settled, try to sit your kids down and discuss the problem without blaming or accusing. Give each kid a chance to talk, uninterrupted, and have them try to come up with solutions to the problem themselves. By the time kids are elementary-school age, they can evaluate which of those solutions are win-win solutions and which ones are most likely to work and satisfy each other over time. They should also learn to revisit problems when solutions are no longer working.

Ask your kids to evaluate their test.

Make your kids compete each other.

Help your kids learn to resolve conflict.

Teach your kids how to win an argument.

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
There’s a current trend to avoid germs at all cost. We disinfect our bathrooms, kitchens, and the air. We sanitize our hands and gargle with mouthwash to kill germs. Some folks avoid as much human contact as possible and won’t even shake your hand for fear of getting germs. I think it’s safe to say that some people would purify everything but their minds. Remember the story of “the Boy in the Bubble”? He was born without an immune system and had to live in a room that was completely germ free, with no human contact. Of course, everyone should take prudent measures to maintain reasonable standards of cleanliness and personal hygiene, but in many cases, aren’t we going overboard? When we come in contact with most germs, our body destroys them, which in turn strengthens our immune system and its ability to further fight off disease. Thus, these “good germs” actually make us healthier. Even if it were possible to avoid all germs and to live in a sterile environment, wouldn’t we then be like “the Boy in the Bubble”?

세균에 감염되지 않도록 개인의 위생 환경 조성이 필요하다.

면역 능력이 상실된 채로 태어난 유아에 대한 치료가 시급하다.

지역사회의 방역 능력 강화를 위해 국가의 재정 지원이 시급하다.

과도하게 세균을 제거하려고 하는 것이 오히려 면역 능력을 해친다.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분을 어법상 바르게 고친 것이 아닌 것은?
①Knowing as the Golden City, Jaisalmer, a former caravan center on the route to the Khyber Pass, rises from a sea of sand, its 30-foot-high walls and medieval sandstone fort ②shelters carved spires and palaces that soar into the sapphire sky. With its tiny winding lanes and hidden temples, Jaisalmer is straight out of The Arabian Nights, and so little has life altered here ③which it's easy to imagine yourself back in the 13th century. It's the only fortress city in India still functioning, with one quarter of its population ④lived within the walls, and it's just far enough off the beaten path to have been spared the worst ravages of tourism. The city's wealth originally came from the substantial tolls it placed on passing camel caravans.

Knowing → Known

shelters → sheltering

which → that

lived → lives

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
The learned are neither apathetic nor indifferent regarding the world's problems. More books on these issues are being published than ever, though few capture the general public's attention. Likewise, new research discoveries are constantly being made at universities, and shared at conferences worldwide. Unfortunately, most of this activity is self-serving. With the exception of science ― and here, too, only selectively ― new insights are not trickling down to the public in ways to help improve our lives. Yet, these discoveries aren't simply the property of the elite, and should not remain in the possession of a select few professionals. Each person must make his and her own life's decisions, and make those choices in light of our current understanding of who we are and what is good for us. For that matter, we must find a way to somehow make new discoveries accessible to every person.
*apathetic 냉담한, 무관심한, **trickle 흐르다

학자들은 연구 논문을 작성할 때 주관성을 배제해야 한다.

새로운 연구 결과에 모든 사람이 접근할 수 있게 해야 한다.

소수 엘리트 학자들의 폐쇄성을 극복할 계기를 마련해야 한다.

학자들이 연구 과정에서 겪는 어려움을 극복하도록 도와야 한다.

다음 글의 주제로 가장 알맞은 것은?
Language gives individual identity and a sense of belonging. When children proudly learn their language and are able to speak it at home and in their neighborhood, the children will have a high self-esteem. Moreover, children who know the true value of their mother tongue will not feel like they are achievers when they speak a foreign language. With improved self-identity and self-esteem, the classroom performance of a child also improves because such a child goes to school with less worries about linguistic marginalization.
*linguistic marginalization 언어적 소외감

the importance of mother tongue in child development

the effect on children’s foreign language learning

the way to improve children’s self-esteem

the efficiency of the linguistic analysis

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Many animals are not loners. They discovered, or perhaps nature discovered for them, that by living and working together, they could interact with the world more effectively. For example, if an animal hunts for food by itself, it can only catch, kill, and eat animals much smaller than itself―but if animals band together in a group, they can catch and kill animals bigger than they are. A pack of wolves can kill a horse, which can feed the group very well. Thus, more food is available to the same animals in the same forest if they work together than if they work alone. Cooperation has other benefits: The animals can alert each other to danger, can find more food (if they search separately and then follow the ones who succeed in finding food), and can even provide some care to those who are sick and injured. Mating and reproduction are also easier if the animals live in a group than if they live far apart.

benefits of being social in animals

drawbacks of cooperative behaviors

common traits of animals and humans

competitions in mating and reproduction

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
My own curiosity had been encouraged by my studies in philosophy at university. The course listed the numerous philosophers that we were supposed to study and I thought at first that our task was to learn and absorb their work as a sort of secular Bible. But I was ①delighted to discover that my tutor was not interested in me reciting their theories but only in helping me to develop my own, using the philosophers of the past as stimulants not authorities. It was the key to my intellectual ②freedom. Now I had official permission to think for myself, to question anything and everything and only agree if I thought it right. A ③good education would have given me that permission much earlier. Some, alas, never seem to have received it and go on reciting the rules of others as if they were sacrosanct. As a result, they become the unwitting ④opponents of other people’s worlds. Philosophy, I now think, is too important to be left to professional philosophers. We should all learn to think like philosophers, starting at primary school.
*sacrosanct 신성불가침의, ***unwitting 자신도 모르는

①

②

③

④

(A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Looking back, scientists have uncovered a mountain of evidence (A)[that / what] Mayan leaders were aware for many centuries of their uncertain dependence on rainfall. Water shortages were not only understood but also recorded and planned for. The Mayans enforced conservation during low rainfall years, tightly regulating the types of crops grown, the use of public water, and food rationing. During the first half of their three-thousand-year reign, the Mayans continued to build larger underground artificial lakes and containers (B)[stored / to store] rainwater for drought months. As impressive as their elaborately decorated temples (C)[did / were], their efficient systems for collecting and warehousing water were masterpieces in design and engineering.
*rationing 배급

(A) (B) (C)

that --- to store --- were

what --- stored --- did

that --- to store --- did

what --- stored --- were

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Religion can certainly bring out the best in a person, but it is not the only phenomenon with that property.

(A)People who would otherwise be self-absorbed or shallow or crude or simply quitters are often ennobled by their religion, given a perspective on life that helps them make the hard decisions that we all would be proud to make.
(B)Having a child often has a wonderfully maturing effect on a person. Wartime, famously, gives people an abundance of occasions to rise to, as do natural disasters like floods and hurricanes.
(C)But for day-in, day-out lifelong bracing, there is probably nothing so effective as religion: it makes powerful and talented people more humble and patient, it makes average people rise above themselves, it provides sturdy support for many people who desperately need help staying away from drink or drugs or crime.

(B) - (A) - (C)

(B) - (C) - (A)

(C) - (A) - (B)

(C) - (B) - (A)

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
More people require more resources, which means that as the population increases, the Earth’s resources deplete more rapidly.

(A)Population growth also results in increased greenhouse gases, mostly from CO2 emissions. For visualization, during that same 20th century that saw fourfold population growth, CO2 emissions increased twelvefold.
(B) The result of this depletion is deforestation and loss of biodiversity as humans strip the Earth of resources to accommodate rising population numbers.
(C)As greenhouse gases increase, so do climate patterns, ultimately resulting in the long-term pattern called climate change.
*deplete 고갈시키다, 대폭 감소시키다

(A) - (B) - (C)

(B) - (A) - (C)

(B) - (C) - (A)

(C) - (A) - (B)

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?
Medical anthropologists with extensive training in human biology and physiology study disease transmission patterns and how particular groups adapt to the presence of diseases like malaria and sleeping sickness. ①Because the transmission of viruses and bacteria is strongly influenced by people’s diets, sanitation, and other behaviors, many medical anthropologists work as a team with epidemiologists to identify cultural practices that affect the spread of disease. ②Though it may be a commonly held belief that most students enter medicine for humanitarian reasons rather than for the financial rewards of a successful medical career, in developed nations the prospect of status and rewards is probably one incentive. ③Different cultures have different ideas about the causes and symptoms of disease, how best to treat illnesses, the abilities of traditional healers and doctors, and the importance of community involvement in the healing process. ④By studying how a human community perceives such things, medical anthropologists help hospitals and other agencies deliver health care services more effectively.
*epidemiologist 유행[전염]병학자

①

②

③

④

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Sequoya (1760?-1843) was born in eastern Tennessee, into a prestigious family that was highly regarded for its knowledge of Cherokee tribal traditions and religion.

(A)Recognizing the possibilities writing had for his people, Sequoya invented a Cherokee alphabet in 1821. With this system of writing, Sequoya was able to record ancient tribal customs.
(B)More important, his alphabet helped the Cherokee nation develop a publishing industry so that newspapers and books could be printed. School-age children were thus able to learn about Cherokee culture and traditions in their own language.
(C)As a child, Sequoya learned the Cherokee oral tradition; then, as an adult, he was introduced to Euro-American culture. In his letters, Sequoya mentions how he became fascinated with the writing methods European Americans used to communicate.

(B) - (A) - (C)

(B) - (C) - (A)

(C) - (A) - (B)

(C) - (B) - (A)

Peanut Butter Drive에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
SPREAD THE LOVE
Fight Hunger During the Peanut Butter Drive
Make a contribution to our community by helping local families who need a little assistance. We are kicking off our 4th annual area-wide peanut butter drive to benefit children, families and seniors who face hunger in Northeast Louisiana.
Peanut butter is a much needed staple at Food Banks as it is a protein-packed food that kids and adults love. Please donate peanut butter in plastic jars or funds to the Monroe Food Bank by Friday, March 29th at 4:00 pm. Donations of peanut butter can be dropped off at the food bank’s distribution center located at 4600 Central Avenue in Monroe on Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 4:00 pm. Monetary donations can be made here or by calling 427-418-4581.
For other drop-off locations, visit our website at https://www.foodbanknela.org

배고픈 사람들에게 도움을 주려는 행사이다.

토요일과 일요일에도 땅콩버터를 기부할 수 있다.

전화를 걸어 금전 기부를 할 수도 있다.

땅콩버터를 기부하는 장소는 여러 곳이 있다.

다음 글에 나타난 화자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Our whole tribe was poverty-stricken. Every branch of the Garoghlanian family was living in the most amazing and comical poverty in the world. Nobody could understand where we ever got money enough to keep us with food in our bellies. Most important of all, though, we were famous for our honesty. We had been famous for honesty for something like eleven centuries, even when we had been the wealthiest family in what we liked to think was the world. We put pride first, honest next, and after that we believed in right and wrong. None of us would take advantage of anybody in the world.
*poverty-stricken 가난에 시달리는

peaceful and calm

satisfied and proud

horrified and feared

amazed and astonished

다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
Despite the increasing popularity of consuming raw foods, you can still gain nutrients from cooked vegetables. For example, our body can absorb lycopene more effectively when tomatoes are cooked. (Keep in mind, however, that raw tomatoes are still a good source of lycopene.) Cooked tomatoes, however, have lower levels of vitamin C than raw tomatoes, so if you’re looking to increase your levels, you might be better off sticking with the raw. Whether you decide to eat them cooked or raw, it’s important not to dilute the health benefits of tomatoes. If you’re buying tomato sauce or paste, choose a variety with no salt or sugar added—or better yet, cook your own sauce at home. And if you’re eating your tomatoes raw, salt them sparingly and choose salad dressings that are low in calories and saturated fat.
*dilute 희석하다, 묽게 하다

토마토를 요리하여 먹었을 때, 우리의 몸은 리코펜을 더 효과적으로 흡수할 수 있다.

더 많은 비타민C를 섭취하고 싶다면 생토마토보다 조리된 토마토를 섭취하는 것이 낫다.

토마토 소스를 구입하고자 한다면, 소금이나 설탕이 첨가되지 않은 것으로 골라야 한다.

생토마토를 섭취 시, 소금을 적게 넣거나, 칼로리가 적은 드레싱을 선택하도록 한다.