[법원직 9급 영어] 21년 1회차
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제 전 회차를 한 권으로 — PDF 전자책(문제집·정답해설집)
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제

21년 1회차

총 25문항 · 객관식 · A4 약 1장

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법원직 9급 영어 기출문제모두CBT · moducbt.com

21년 1회차

총 25문항 · 객관식 · 정답·해설 포함
문제 1
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Microorganisms are not calculating entities. They don’t care what they do to you any more than you care what distress you cause when you slaughter them by the millions with a soapy shower. The only time a pathogen cares about you is when it kills you too well. If they eliminate you before they can move on, then they may well die out themselves. This in fact sometimes happens. History, Jared Diamond notes, is full of diseases that “once caused terrifying epidemics and then disappeared as mysteriously as they had come.” He cites the robust but mercifully transient English sweating sickness, which raged from 1485 to 1552, killing tens of thousands as it went, before burning itself out. Too much efficiency is not a good thing for any infectious organism.
*pathogen 병원체

↓
The more (A) pathogens are, the faster it is likely be to (B) .

(A) (B)
1weaker ---- disappear
2weaker ---- spread
3infectious ---- spread
4infectious ---- disappear
정답 및 해설

요약문은 병원체가 전염성이 강할수록(infectious) 더 빨리 사라진다(disappear)는 내용이다.

지문은 "The only time a pathogen cares about you is when it kills you too well"(숙주를 너무 잘 죽일 때만 문제가 된다)이라며, 숙주를 너무 빨리 없애면 "they may well die out themselves"(스스로 소멸할 수 있다)고 한다. 영국 발한병이 "burning itself out"(스스로 소진)한 사례와 "Too much efficiency is not a good thing"이 결론이다.

  • "weaker ---- disappear": 소멸하는 것은 약한 병원체가 아니라 지나치게 효율적인 병원체다.
  • "weaker ---- spread": (A)·(B) 모두 지문과 반대 방향이다.
  • "infectious ---- spread": (A)는 맞지만 결과는 확산이 아니라 소멸이다.
문제 2
밑줄 친 “drains the mind”가 위 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
If the writing is solid and good, the mood and temper of the writer will eventually be revealed and not at the expense of the work. Therefore, to achieve style, begin by affecting none―that is, draw the reader’s attention to the sense and substance of the writing. A careful and honest writer does not need to worry about style. As you become proficient in the use of language, your style will emerge, because you yourself will emerge, and when this happens you will find it increasingly easy to break through the barriers that separate you from other minds and at last, make you stand in the middle of the writing. Fortunately, the act of composition, or creation, disciplines the mind; writing is one way to go about thinking, and the practice and habit of writing drains the mind.
1to heal the mind
2to help to be sensitive
3to satisfy his/her curiosity
4to place oneself in the background
정답 및 해설

"drains the mind"는 글쓰기가 마음에서 자의식을 비워 작가 자신을 뒤로 물러나게 하는 것, 즉 "to place oneself in the background"를 뜻한다.

필자는 "begin by affecting none"(아무것도 꾸미지 말라)이라며 독자의 관심을 "the sense and substance of the writing"(글의 의미와 실체)으로 이끌라고 한다. 작가의 기분과 성향은 "not at the expense of the work"(작품을 희생하지 않고) 저절로 드러나므로, 글쓰기 습관은 작가를 전면에 내세우지 않게 만든다.

  • "to heal the mind"(마음을 치유하다): 치유에 관한 언급은 없다.
  • "to help to be sensitive"(예민해지도록 돕다): 감수성과는 관련이 없다.
  • "to satisfy his/her curiosity"(호기심을 충족하다): 호기심 충족은 지문에 나오지 않는다.
문제 3
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Some of our dissatisfactions with self and with our lot in life are based on real circumstances, and some are false and simply (A)(perceive / perceived) to be real. The perceived must be sorted out and discarded. The real will either fall into the changeable or the unchangeable classification. If it’s in the latter, we must strive to accept it. If it’s in the former, then we have the alternative to strive instead to remove, exchange, or modify it. All of us have a unique purpose in life; and all of us are gifted, just (B)(different / differently) gifted. It’s not an argument about whether it’s fair or unfair to have been given one, five, or ten talents; it’s about what we have done with our talents. It’s about how well we have invested (C)(them / those) we have been given. If one holds on to the outlook that their life is unfair, then that’s really holding an offense against God.

(A) (B) (C)
1perceive different them
2perceive differently those
3perceived different them
4perceived differently those
정답 및 해설

(A) perceived, (B) differently, (C) those가 어법에 맞다.

(A)는 "some are false and simply perceived to be real"에서 are에 이어지는 수동태(be perceived to be: ~로 여겨지다)이다. (B)는 과거분사 gifted를 수식하므로 부사 differently가, (C)는 관계절 "we have been given"의 수식을 받는 지시대명사 those(= the talents)가 와야 한다.

  • "perceive / different / them": 능동형 perceive, 형용사 different, 관계절 수식을 받지 못하는 them 모두 틀렸다.
  • "perceive / differently / those": 주어 some은 지각되는 대상이므로 능동형 perceive가 틀렸다.
  • "perceived / different / them": 형용사 different는 분사 gifted를 수식하지 못하고, 인칭대명사 them은 관계절의 수식을 받지 못한다.
문제 4
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
People assume that, by charging a low price or one lower than their competitors, they will get more customers. This is a common fallacy.

(A)It is, therefore, far better to have lower-volume, higher-margin products and services as you start; you can always negotiate to reduce your price if you are forced to, but it is rare that you will be able to negotiate an increase.
(B)It is because when you charge reduced prices compared to your competition, you attract the lower end of the customer market. These customers want more for less and often take up more time and overhead in your business. They may also be your most difficult customers to deal with and keep happy.
(C)You also, ironically, repel the better customers because they will pay a higher price for a higher level of product or service. We have seen many competitors come into the market and charge day rates that aren’t sustainable. They often struggle even to fill their quota, and soon enough they give up and move on to doing something else.
*repel 쫓아 버리다
1(B) - (A) - (C)
2(B) - (C) - (A)
3(C) - (A) - (B)
4(C) - (B) - (A)
정답 및 해설

순서는 (B) - (C) - (A)이다.

"This is a common fallacy"(흔한 오류다) 뒤에는 이유를 밝히는 (B) "It is because ... you attract the lower end of the customer market"(저가 고객층을 끌어들인다)가 온다. (C)는 "You also, ironically, repel the better customers"(더 좋은 고객을 쫓아낸다)로 단점을 덧붙이고, (A)가 "therefore"로 저물량·고마진 전략이라는 결론을 내린다.

  • (B)-(A)-(C): 결론 therefore 뒤에 단점 추가(also)가 오면 흐름이 끊긴다.
  • (C)-(A)-(B): (C)의 "also"는 앞서 제시된 단점이 있어야 쓸 수 있고, (B)의 "It is because"는 오류 지적 바로 뒤에 와야 한다.
  • (C)-(B)-(A): 역시 (C)가 첫머리에 올 수 없다.
문제 5
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
Children who enjoy writing are often interested in seeing ①their work in print. One informal approach is to type, print, and post their poetry. Or you can create a photocopied anthology of the poetry of many child writers. But for children who are truly dedicated and ambitious, ② submit a poem for publication is a worthy goal. And there are several web and print resources that print children’s original poetry. Help child poets become familiar with the protocol for submitting manuscripts (style, format, and so forth). Let them choose ③which poems they are most proud of, keep copies of everything submitted, and get parent permission. Then celebrate with them when their work is accepted and appear in print. Congratulate them, ④publicly showcase their accomplishment, and spread the word. Success inspires success. And, of course, if their work is rejected, offer support and encouragement.
*anthology 문집, 선집, **protocol 규약, 의례
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 submit으로, 문장의 주어 자리이므로 동명사 submitting(또는 to submit)으로 고쳐야 한다.

"___ a poem for publication is a worthy goal"에서 동사 is의 주어가 필요한데, 동사원형 submit은 주어가 될 수 없다.

  • "their": 복수 명사 Children을 받는 소유격으로 맞다.
  • "which": "which poems"(어느 시들)로 명사를 수식하는 의문형용사이며 choose의 목적어절을 이끈다.
  • "publicly": 동사 showcase를 수식하는 부사로 맞다.
문제 6
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
With love and strength from the tribe, the tiny seeds mature and grow tall and crops for the people.

In the Pueblo indian culture, corn is to the people the very symbol of life. ( ① ) The Corn Maiden "grandmother of the sun and the light" brought this gift, bringing the power of life to the people. ( ② ) As the corn is given life by the sun, the Corn Maiden brings the fire of the sun into the human bodies, giving man many representations of his love and power through nature. ( ③ ) Each Maiden brings one seed of corn that is nurtured with love like that given to a child and this one seed would sustain the entire tribe forever. ( ④ ) The spirit of the Corn Maidens is forever present with the tribal people.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 "this one seed would sustain the entire tribe forever" 바로 뒤, "The spirit of the Corn Maidens ..." 앞에 들어가야 한다.

주어진 문장의 "the tiny seeds"는 앞 문장의 "one seed of corn"을 받고, "With love and strength from the tribe"는 씨앗을 "nurtured with love like that given to a child"한다는 내용을 잇는다. 씨앗이 자라 부족의 양식이 된다는 진술 뒤에 옥수수 처녀의 정신이 영원하다는 마무리가 자연스럽다.

  • "corn is to the people the very symbol of life" 뒤: 아직 씨앗이 언급되지 않아 "the tiny seeds"가 가리킬 대상이 없다.
  • "bringing the power of life to the people" 뒤: 다음 문장이 태양과 옥수수 처녀 이야기로 이어져 씨앗 성장 내용이 끼어들 자리가 아니다.
  • "through nature" 뒤: 씨앗은 다음 문장 "Each Maiden brings one seed"에서 처음 등장하므로 그보다 앞에 올 수 없다.
문제 7
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Beeches, oaks, spruce and pines produce new growth all the time, and have to get rid of the old. The most obvious change happens every autumn. The leaves have served their purpose: they are now worn out and riddled with insect damage. Before the trees bid them adieu, they pump waste products into them. You could say they are taking this opportunity to relieve themselves. Then they grow a layer of weak tissue to separate each leaf from the twig it’s growing on, and the leaves tumble to the ground in the next breeze. The rustling leaves that now blanket the ground―and make such a satisfying scrunching sound when you scuffle through them―are basically       .
1tree toilet paper
2the plant kitchen
3lungs of the tree
4parents of insects
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "tree toilet paper"(나무의 화장지)가 들어간다.

나무는 잎을 떨구기 전 "pump waste products into them"(노폐물을 잎에 퍼 넣고), 이를 "relieve themselves"(볼일을 보다)에 빗댄다. 따라서 땅에 떨어진 낙엽은 노폐물을 처리하고 버린 휴지와 같다.

  • "the plant kitchen"(식물의 부엌): 양분 생산은 버려지는 낙엽과 맞지 않는다.
  • "lungs of the tree"(나무의 폐): 호흡 기능은 언급되지 않는다.
  • "parents of insects"(곤충의 부모): 곤충 피해는 잎이 낡은 이유로만 나온다.
문제 8
글의 흐름상 가장 어색한 문장은?
Fiction has many uses and one of them is to build empathy. When you watch TV or see a film, you are looking at things happening to other people. Prose fiction is something you build up from 26 letters and a handful of punctuation marks, and you, and you alone, using your imagination, create a world and live there and look out through other eyes. ①You get to feel things, and visit places and worlds you would never otherwise know. ②Fortunately, in the last decade, many of the world’s most beautiful and unknown places have been put in the spotlight. ③You learn that everyone else out there is a me, as well. ④You’re being someone else, and when you return to your own world, you’re going to be slightly changed.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

흐름상 어색한 문장은 "Fortunately, in the last decade, many of the world’s most beautiful and unknown places have been put in the spotlight."이다.

글은 소설이 공감(empathy)을 길러 준다는 내용으로, 상상으로 다른 사람의 눈을 통해 세상을 보는 경험을 설명한다. 세계의 아름다운 장소가 주목받게 되었다는 문장은 이 주제와 무관하다.

  • "You get to feel things, and visit places and worlds you would never otherwise know": 소설로 낯선 세계를 경험한다는 내용으로 흐름에 맞다.
  • "You learn that everyone else out there is a me, as well": 타인도 나와 같다는 깨달음으로 공감 주제와 직결된다.
  • "You’re being someone else ...": 타인이 되어 보고 조금 변해서 돌아온다는 마무리로 자연스럽다.
문제 9
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The seeds of willows and poplars are so minuscule that you can just make out two tiny dark dots in the fluffy flight hairs. One of these seeds weighs a mere 0.0001 grams. With such a meagre energy reserve, a seedling can grow only 1–2 millimetres before it runs out of steam and has to rely on food it makes for itself using its young leaves. But that only works in places where there’s no competition to threaten the tiny sprouts. Other plants casting shade on it would extinguish the new life immediately. And so, if a fluffy little seed package like this falls in a spruce or beech forest, the seed’s life is over before it’s even begun. That’s why willows and poplars       .
*minuscule 아주 작은
1prefer settling in unoccupied territory
2have been chosen as food for herbivores
3have evolved to avoid human intervention
4wear their dead leaves far into the winter
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "prefer settling in unoccupied territory"(비어 있는 땅에 정착하기를 선호한다)가 들어간다.

버드나무·포플러 씨앗은 "meagre energy reserve"(빈약한 에너지 저장량) 때문에 "there’s no competition"(경쟁이 없는) 곳에서만 자랄 수 있고, 다른 식물의 그늘이 생기면 곧 죽는다. 그러므로 경쟁자가 없는 빈 땅을 찾는다는 결론이 자연스럽다.

  • "have been chosen as food for herbivores"(초식동물의 먹이로 선택되었다): 초식동물은 언급되지 않는다.
  • "have evolved to avoid human intervention"(인간의 간섭을 피하도록 진화했다): 인간 간섭이 아니라 다른 식물과의 경쟁이 문제다.
  • "wear their dead leaves far into the winter"(겨울까지 죽은 잎을 달고 있다): 씨앗의 발아 조건과 무관하다.
문제 10
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
Good walking shoes are important. Most major athletic brands offer shoes especially designed for walking. Fit and comfort are more important than style; your shoes should feel ①supportive but not tight or constricting. The uppers should be light, breathable, and flexible, the insole moisture-resistant, and the sole ②shock-absorbent. The heel wedge should be ③lowered, so the sole at the back of the shoe is two times thicker than at the front. Finally, the toe box should be ④spacious, even when you're wearing athletic socks.
1supportive
2shock-absorbent
3lowered
4spacious
정답 및 해설

문맥상 부적절한 낱말은 lowered로, raised(elevated)처럼 높아진다는 뜻이어야 한다.

바로 뒤에서 "the sole at the back of the shoe is two times thicker than at the front"(신발 뒤쪽 밑창이 앞쪽보다 두 배 두껍다)라고 하므로 뒤꿈치 쐐기는 낮아진 것이 아니라 높아진 것이다.

  • "supportive"(잘 받쳐 주는): "not tight or constricting"과 함께 착용감을 설명하므로 적절하다.
  • "shock-absorbent"(충격을 흡수하는): 걷기용 밑창의 특성으로 적절하다.
  • "spacious"(넉넉한): 운동용 양말을 신어도 앞코가 여유 있어야 한다는 뜻으로 적절하다.
문제 11
다음 글의 요지로 가장 알맞은 것은?
If your kids fight every time they play video games, make sure you’re close enough to be able to hear them when they sit down to play. Listen for the particular words or tones of voice they are using that are aggressive, and try to intervene before it develops. Once tempers have settled, try to sit your kids down and discuss the problem without blaming or accusing. Give each kid a chance to talk, uninterrupted, and have them try to come up with solutions to the problem themselves. By the time kids are elementary-school age, they can evaluate which of those solutions are win-win solutions and which ones are most likely to work and satisfy each other over time. They should also learn to revisit problems when solutions are no longer working.
1Ask your kids to evaluate their test.
2Make your kids compete each other.
3Help your kids learn to resolve conflict.
4Teach your kids how to win an argument.
정답 및 해설

요지는 "Help your kids learn to resolve conflict."(아이들이 갈등 해결법을 배우도록 도와라)이다.

필자는 다툼 조짐이 보이면 "try to intervene"(개입하라)하고, 감정이 가라앉으면 비난 없이 대화하며 아이들이 "come up with solutions to the problem themselves"(스스로 해결책을 찾게) 하라고 한다. win-win 해결책을 평가하고 문제를 재검토하는 법도 배워야 한다고 덧붙인다.

  • "Ask your kids to evaluate their test.": 시험 평가는 언급되지 않는다.
  • "Make your kids compete each other.": 경쟁을 시키라는 것은 갈등 해결과 반대다.
  • "Teach your kids how to win an argument.": 논쟁에서 이기는 법이 아니라 서로 만족하는 해결책이 핵심이다.
문제 12
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
There’s a current trend to avoid germs at all cost. We disinfect our bathrooms, kitchens, and the air. We sanitize our hands and gargle with mouthwash to kill germs. Some folks avoid as much human contact as possible and won’t even shake your hand for fear of getting germs. I think it’s safe to say that some people would purify everything but their minds. Remember the story of “the Boy in the Bubble”? He was born without an immune system and had to live in a room that was completely germ free, with no human contact. Of course, everyone should take prudent measures to maintain reasonable standards of cleanliness and personal hygiene, but in many cases, aren’t we going overboard? When we come in contact with most germs, our body destroys them, which in turn strengthens our immune system and its ability to further fight off disease. Thus, these “good germs” actually make us healthier. Even if it were possible to avoid all germs and to live in a sterile environment, wouldn’t we then be like “the Boy in the Bubble”?
1세균에 감염되지 않도록 개인의 위생 환경 조성이 필요하다.
2면역 능력이 상실된 채로 태어난 유아에 대한 치료가 시급하다.
3지역사회의 방역 능력 강화를 위해 국가의 재정 지원이 시급하다.
4과도하게 세균을 제거하려고 하는 것이 오히려 면역 능력을 해친다.
정답 및 해설

요지는 과도하게 세균을 제거하려 하는 것이 오히려 면역 능력을 해친다는 것이다.

필자는 "aren’t we going overboard?"(지나치지 않은가)라고 묻고, 세균과 접촉하면 몸이 이를 파괴하며 "strengthens our immune system"(면역 체계를 강화한다)고 한다. 무균 환경에 살면 "the Boy in the Bubble"처럼 될 것이라고 경고한다.

  • 개인 위생 환경 조성의 필요성: 적당한 청결은 인정하지만 과도한 살균을 비판하는 것이 요지다.
  • 면역 결핍 유아 치료의 시급성: 버블 소년은 비유로 든 사례일 뿐이다.
  • 지역사회 방역을 위한 국가 재정 지원: 지문에 나오지 않는다.
문제 13
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분을 어법상 바르게 고친 것이 아닌 것은?
①Knowing as the Golden City, Jaisalmer, a former caravan center on the route to the Khyber Pass, rises from a sea of sand, its 30-foot-high walls and medieval sandstone fort ②shelters carved spires and palaces that soar into the sapphire sky. With its tiny winding lanes and hidden temples, Jaisalmer is straight out of The Arabian Nights, and so little has life altered here ③which it's easy to imagine yourself back in the 13th century. It's the only fortress city in India still functioning, with one quarter of its population ④lived within the walls, and it's just far enough off the beaten path to have been spared the worst ravages of tourism. The city's wealth originally came from the substantial tolls it placed on passing camel caravans.
1Knowing → Known
2shelters → sheltering
3which → that
4lived → lives
정답 및 해설

바르게 고친 것이 아닌 것은 lived → lives이며, 올바른 형태는 living이다.

"with one quarter of its population ___ within the walls"는 with + 목적어 + 분사 구문으로, 인구가 성벽 안에 '사는' 능동 관계이므로 현재분사 living이 와야 한다. 정동사 lives는 이 자리에 올 수 없다.

  • "Knowing → Known": 자이살메르가 황금 도시로 '알려진' 것이므로 수동 분사구문 Known as가 맞다.
  • "shelters → sheltering": 주절 뒤 "its ... walls and ... fort sheltering ~"은 의미상 주어가 있는 독립분사구문이므로 분사로 고친 것이 맞다.
  • "which → that": "so little has life altered here that ~"은 so ~ that 구문(도치)이므로 that으로 고친 것이 맞다.
문제 14
다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
The learned are neither apathetic nor indifferent regarding the world's problems. More books on these issues are being published than ever, though few capture the general public's attention. Likewise, new research discoveries are constantly being made at universities, and shared at conferences worldwide. Unfortunately, most of this activity is self-serving. With the exception of science ― and here, too, only selectively ― new insights are not trickling down to the public in ways to help improve our lives. Yet, these discoveries aren't simply the property of the elite, and should not remain in the possession of a select few professionals. Each person must make his and her own life's decisions, and make those choices in light of our current understanding of who we are and what is good for us. For that matter, we must find a way to somehow make new discoveries accessible to every person.
*apathetic 냉담한, 무관심한, **trickle 흐르다
1학자들은 연구 논문을 작성할 때 주관성을 배제해야 한다.
2새로운 연구 결과에 모든 사람이 접근할 수 있게 해야 한다.
3소수 엘리트 학자들의 폐쇄성을 극복할 계기를 마련해야 한다.
4학자들이 연구 과정에서 겪는 어려움을 극복하도록 도와야 한다.
정답 및 해설

필자의 주장은 새로운 연구 결과에 모든 사람이 접근할 수 있게 해야 한다는 것이다.

필자는 새로운 통찰이 "not trickling down to the public"(대중에게 흘러가지 않는다)고 지적하고, 연구 성과가 "should not remain in the possession of a select few professionals"(소수 전문가의 소유로 남아선 안 된다)며 마지막에 "make new discoveries accessible to every person"을 촉구한다.

  • 연구 논문의 주관성 배제: 연구 방법이나 객관성은 다루지 않는다.
  • 소수 엘리트 학자의 폐쇄성 극복 계기 마련: 엘리트 소유를 비판하지만 핵심은 대중의 접근성 확보다.
  • 학자들의 연구 과정 어려움 극복 지원: 언급되지 않는다.
문제 15
다음 글의 주제로 가장 알맞은 것은?
Language gives individual identity and a sense of belonging. When children proudly learn their language and are able to speak it at home and in their neighborhood, the children will have a high self-esteem. Moreover, children who know the true value of their mother tongue will not feel like they are achievers when they speak a foreign language. With improved self-identity and self-esteem, the classroom performance of a child also improves because such a child goes to school with less worries about linguistic marginalization.
*linguistic marginalization 언어적 소외감
1the importance of mother tongue in child development
2the effect on children’s foreign language learning
3the way to improve children’s self-esteem
4the efficiency of the linguistic analysis
정답 및 해설

주제는 "the importance of mother tongue in child development"(아동 발달에서 모국어의 중요성)이다.

모국어를 자랑스럽게 배운 아이는 "a high self-esteem"(높은 자존감)을 갖고, 향상된 정체성과 자존감 덕분에 "classroom performance"(학업 성취)도 좋아진다고 한다. 모든 논지가 모국어가 아동에게 주는 효과에 모인다.

  • "the effect on children’s foreign language learning": 외국어 학습 효과는 다루지 않는다.
  • "the way to improve children’s self-esteem": 자존감은 모국어의 효과 중 하나일 뿐이며 핵심인 모국어가 빠졌다.
  • "the efficiency of the linguistic analysis": 언어 분석은 언급되지 않는다.
문제 16
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Many animals are not loners. They discovered, or perhaps nature discovered for them, that by living and working together, they could interact with the world more effectively. For example, if an animal hunts for food by itself, it can only catch, kill, and eat animals much smaller than itself―but if animals band together in a group, they can catch and kill animals bigger than they are. A pack of wolves can kill a horse, which can feed the group very well. Thus, more food is available to the same animals in the same forest if they work together than if they work alone. Cooperation has other benefits: The animals can alert each other to danger, can find more food (if they search separately and then follow the ones who succeed in finding food), and can even provide some care to those who are sick and injured. Mating and reproduction are also easier if the animals live in a group than if they live far apart.
1benefits of being social in animals
2drawbacks of cooperative behaviors
3common traits of animals and humans
4competitions in mating and reproduction
정답 및 해설

주제는 "benefits of being social in animals"(동물이 무리 지어 사는 것의 이점)이다.

무리를 지으면 더 큰 먹잇감을 사냥할 수 있고, 위험을 알리며, 아픈 개체를 돌보고, 짝짓기도 쉽다고 한다. 글은 "Cooperation has other benefits"처럼 협력의 이점을 나열한다.

  • "drawbacks of cooperative behaviors": 단점이 아니라 장점을 다룬다.
  • "common traits of animals and humans": 인간과의 공통점은 다루지 않는다.
  • "competitions in mating and reproduction": 짝짓기는 무리 생활의 이점 하나로만 언급되며 경쟁 이야기가 아니다.
문제 17
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
My own curiosity had been encouraged by my studies in philosophy at university. The course listed the numerous philosophers that we were supposed to study and I thought at first that our task was to learn and absorb their work as a sort of secular Bible. But I was ①delighted to discover that my tutor was not interested in me reciting their theories but only in helping me to develop my own, using the philosophers of the past as stimulants not authorities. It was the key to my intellectual ②freedom. Now I had official permission to think for myself, to question anything and everything and only agree if I thought it right. A ③good education would have given me that permission much earlier. Some, alas, never seem to have received it and go on reciting the rules of others as if they were sacrosanct. As a result, they become the unwitting ④opponents of other people’s worlds. Philosophy, I now think, is too important to be left to professional philosophers. We should all learn to think like philosophers, starting at primary school.
*sacrosanct 신성불가침의, ***unwitting 자신도 모르는
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

문맥상 부적절한 낱말은 opponents(반대자)로, 남의 세계에 갇힌 사람(prisoners 등)이라는 의미가 되어야 한다.

스스로 생각할 허락을 받지 못한 사람들은 남의 규칙을 "as if they were sacrosanct"(신성불가침인 듯) 읊조리므로 자신도 모르게 남의 세계에 종속된다. 남의 규칙을 그대로 따르는 사람은 그 세계의 반대자가 될 수 없다.

  • "delighted"(기뻐한): 지도교수가 이론 암기가 아니라 자기 생각을 키우게 도왔다는 데 대한 반응으로 적절하다.
  • "freedom"(자유): 스스로 생각할 "official permission"을 얻은 것이므로 지적 자유가 맞다.
  • "good"(좋은): 좋은 교육이라면 그 허락을 더 일찍 주었을 것이라는 의미로 적절하다.
문제 18
(A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Looking back, scientists have uncovered a mountain of evidence (A)[that / what] Mayan leaders were aware for many centuries of their uncertain dependence on rainfall. Water shortages were not only understood but also recorded and planned for. The Mayans enforced conservation during low rainfall years, tightly regulating the types of crops grown, the use of public water, and food rationing. During the first half of their three-thousand-year reign, the Mayans continued to build larger underground artificial lakes and containers (B)[stored / to store] rainwater for drought months. As impressive as their elaborately decorated temples (C)[did / were], their efficient systems for collecting and warehousing water were masterpieces in design and engineering.
*rationing 배급

(A) (B) (C)
1that --- to store --- were
2what --- stored --- did
3that --- to store --- did
4what --- stored --- were
정답 및 해설

(A) that, (B) to store, (C) were가 어법에 맞다.

(A)는 evidence의 내용을 설명하는 완전한 절이 이어지므로 동격의 접속사 that이다. (B)는 용기가 빗물을 '저장하기 위한' 것이므로 목적어 rainwater를 취하는 to부정사가 맞다. (C)는 "As impressive as their ... temples were"로 형용사 impressive를 보어로 받는 be동사 자리이다.

  • "what / stored / did": what은 불완전한 절을 이끌고, stored는 목적어 rainwater를 취한 용도 표현이 되지 못하며, did는 형용사 보어를 대신하지 못한다.
  • "that / to store / did": impressive는 be동사의 보어이므로 대동사 did가 아니라 were가 와야 한다.
  • "what / stored / were": 뒤 절이 완전하므로 what이 아니라 that이고, stored로는 빗물을 저장하는 용도를 나타낼 수 없다.
문제 19
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Religion can certainly bring out the best in a person, but it is not the only phenomenon with that property.

(A)People who would otherwise be self-absorbed or shallow or crude or simply quitters are often ennobled by their religion, given a perspective on life that helps them make the hard decisions that we all would be proud to make.
(B)Having a child often has a wonderfully maturing effect on a person. Wartime, famously, gives people an abundance of occasions to rise to, as do natural disasters like floods and hurricanes.
(C)But for day-in, day-out lifelong bracing, there is probably nothing so effective as religion: it makes powerful and talented people more humble and patient, it makes average people rise above themselves, it provides sturdy support for many people who desperately need help staying away from drink or drugs or crime.
1(B) - (A) - (C)
2(B) - (C) - (A)
3(C) - (A) - (B)
4(C) - (B) - (A)
정답 및 해설

순서는 (B) - (C) - (A)이다.

"it is not the only phenomenon with that property"(그런 특성을 지닌 유일한 현상은 아니다) 뒤에는 다른 현상인 아이를 갖는 것, 전쟁, 자연재해를 예로 든 (B)가 온다. (C)는 "But"으로 그래도 평생에 걸친 버팀목으로는 종교만 한 것이 없다고 하고, (A)가 종교가 사람을 고귀하게 만드는 모습을 구체적으로 덧붙인다.

  • (B)-(A)-(C): (A)의 종교 이야기 뒤에 "But ... religion"이 오면 역접이 성립하지 않는다.
  • (C)-(A)-(B): "But"으로 시작하는 (C)는 다른 현상을 제시한 (B) 뒤에 와야 한다.
  • (C)-(B)-(A): 역시 (C)가 맨 앞에 올 수 없다.
문제 20
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
More people require more resources, which means that as the population increases, the Earth’s resources deplete more rapidly.

(A)Population growth also results in increased greenhouse gases, mostly from CO2 emissions. For visualization, during that same 20th century that saw fourfold population growth, CO2 emissions increased twelvefold.
(B) The result of this depletion is deforestation and loss of biodiversity as humans strip the Earth of resources to accommodate rising population numbers.
(C)As greenhouse gases increase, so do climate patterns, ultimately resulting in the long-term pattern called climate change.
*deplete 고갈시키다, 대폭 감소시키다
1(A) - (B) - (C)
2(B) - (A) - (C)
3(B) - (C) - (A)
4(C) - (A) - (B)
정답 및 해설

순서는 (B) - (A) - (C)이다.

주어진 문장의 자원 고갈("deplete")을 (B)가 "The result of this depletion"으로 받아 삼림 파괴를 설명한다. (A)는 "also"로 또 다른 결과인 온실가스 증가를 제시하고, (C)가 "As greenhouse gases increase"로 받아 기후 변화로 마무리한다.

  • (A)-(B)-(C): (A)의 "also"가 받을 앞선 결과가 없고, (B)의 "this depletion"도 주어진 문장과 멀어진다.
  • (B)-(C)-(A): (C)의 "greenhouse gases"는 (A)에서 먼저 소개되어야 한다.
  • (C)-(A)-(B): 온실가스를 소개하기 전에 (C)가 나올 수 없다.
문제 21
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?
Medical anthropologists with extensive training in human biology and physiology study disease transmission patterns and how particular groups adapt to the presence of diseases like malaria and sleeping sickness. ①Because the transmission of viruses and bacteria is strongly influenced by people’s diets, sanitation, and other behaviors, many medical anthropologists work as a team with epidemiologists to identify cultural practices that affect the spread of disease. ②Though it may be a commonly held belief that most students enter medicine for humanitarian reasons rather than for the financial rewards of a successful medical career, in developed nations the prospect of status and rewards is probably one incentive. ③Different cultures have different ideas about the causes and symptoms of disease, how best to treat illnesses, the abilities of traditional healers and doctors, and the importance of community involvement in the healing process. ④By studying how a human community perceives such things, medical anthropologists help hospitals and other agencies deliver health care services more effectively.
*epidemiologist 유행[전염]병학자
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은 "Though it may be a commonly held belief that most students enter medicine for humanitarian reasons ..."이다.

글은 의료인류학자가 질병 전파와 문화적 관습을 연구해 의료 서비스 전달을 돕는다는 내용인데, 이 문장은 의대 진학 동기를 다루어 주제에서 벗어난다.

  • "Because the transmission of viruses and bacteria is strongly influenced by people’s diets ...": 역학자와 협력해 문화적 관습을 찾는다는 내용으로 흐름에 맞다.
  • "Different cultures have different ideas about the causes and symptoms of disease ...": 문화별 질병 관념을 소개해 다음 문장으로 이어진다.
  • "By studying how a human community perceives such things ...": 그 연구가 의료 서비스 개선에 기여한다는 결론이다.
문제 22
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Sequoya (1760?-1843) was born in eastern Tennessee, into a prestigious family that was highly regarded for its knowledge of Cherokee tribal traditions and religion.

(A)Recognizing the possibilities writing had for his people, Sequoya invented a Cherokee alphabet in 1821. With this system of writing, Sequoya was able to record ancient tribal customs.
(B)More important, his alphabet helped the Cherokee nation develop a publishing industry so that newspapers and books could be printed. School-age children were thus able to learn about Cherokee culture and traditions in their own language.
(C)As a child, Sequoya learned the Cherokee oral tradition; then, as an adult, he was introduced to Euro-American culture. In his letters, Sequoya mentions how he became fascinated with the writing methods European Americans used to communicate.
1(B) - (A) - (C)
2(B) - (C) - (A)
3(C) - (A) - (B)
4(C) - (B) - (A)
정답 및 해설

순서는 (C) - (A) - (B)이다.

세쿼야의 출생 뒤에는 "As a child"로 성장 과정과 문자에 매료된 계기를 밝힌 (C)가 온다. (A)는 그 가능성을 인식해 체로키 문자를 만든 일을, (B)는 "More important"로 출판 산업과 교육에 끼친 영향을 덧붙인다.

  • (B)-(A)-(C): "his alphabet"이 문자 발명보다 먼저 나올 수 없다.
  • (B)-(C)-(A): 역시 (B)가 문자 발명보다 앞설 수 없다.
  • (C)-(B)-(A): (B)의 "More important"는 (A)의 첫 번째 성과 뒤에 와야 한다.
문제 23
Peanut Butter Drive에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
SPREAD THE LOVE
Fight Hunger During the Peanut Butter Drive
Make a contribution to our community by helping local families who need a little assistance. We are kicking off our 4th annual area-wide peanut butter drive to benefit children, families and seniors who face hunger in Northeast Louisiana.
Peanut butter is a much needed staple at Food Banks as it is a protein-packed food that kids and adults love. Please donate peanut butter in plastic jars or funds to the Monroe Food Bank by Friday, March 29th at 4:00 pm. Donations of peanut butter can be dropped off at the food bank’s distribution center located at 4600 Central Avenue in Monroe on Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 4:00 pm. Monetary donations can be made here or by calling 427-418-4581.
For other drop-off locations, visit our website at https://www.foodbanknela.org
1배고픈 사람들에게 도움을 주려는 행사이다.
2토요일과 일요일에도 땅콩버터를 기부할 수 있다.
3전화를 걸어 금전 기부를 할 수도 있다.
4땅콩버터를 기부하는 장소는 여러 곳이 있다.
정답 및 해설

일치하지 않는 것은 토요일과 일요일에도 땅콩버터를 기부할 수 있다는 내용이다.

안내문은 땅콩버터를 "on Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 4:00 pm"(월~금요일 오전 8시~오후 4시)에 배분 센터에 맡길 수 있다고 한다.

  • 배고픈 사람들을 돕는 행사: "Fight Hunger"와 "who face hunger"에 나온다.
  • 전화로 금전 기부 가능: "Monetary donations can be made here or by calling ..."과 일치한다.
  • 기부 장소가 여러 곳: "For other drop-off locations, visit our website"에서 다른 장소가 있음을 알 수 있다.
문제 24
다음 글에 나타난 화자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Our whole tribe was poverty-stricken. Every branch of the Garoghlanian family was living in the most amazing and comical poverty in the world. Nobody could understand where we ever got money enough to keep us with food in our bellies. Most important of all, though, we were famous for our honesty. We had been famous for honesty for something like eleven centuries, even when we had been the wealthiest family in what we liked to think was the world. We put pride first, honest next, and after that we believed in right and wrong. None of us would take advantage of anybody in the world.
*poverty-stricken 가난에 시달리는
1peaceful and calm
2satisfied and proud
3horrified and feared
4amazed and astonished
정답 및 해설

화자의 심경은 "satisfied and proud"(만족스럽고 자랑스러운)이다.

화자는 집안이 가난하다고 하면서도 "we were famous for our honesty"(정직함으로 유명했다)와 "We put pride first"를 강조하며 가문에 대한 긍지를 드러낸다.

  • "peaceful and calm"(평화롭고 차분한): 가문의 명예를 내세우는 자부심이 드러나 단순한 평온과는 다르다.
  • "horrified and feared"(겁에 질린): 가난을 "comical"(우스운)이라 할 만큼 두려움이 없다.
  • "amazed and astonished"(놀란): "most amazing"은 가난의 정도를 묘사할 뿐 화자의 놀람이 아니다.
문제 25
다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
Despite the increasing popularity of consuming raw foods, you can still gain nutrients from cooked vegetables. For example, our body can absorb lycopene more effectively when tomatoes are cooked. (Keep in mind, however, that raw tomatoes are still a good source of lycopene.) Cooked tomatoes, however, have lower levels of vitamin C than raw tomatoes, so if you’re looking to increase your levels, you might be better off sticking with the raw. Whether you decide to eat them cooked or raw, it’s important not to dilute the health benefits of tomatoes. If you’re buying tomato sauce or paste, choose a variety with no salt or sugar added—or better yet, cook your own sauce at home. And if you’re eating your tomatoes raw, salt them sparingly and choose salad dressings that are low in calories and saturated fat.
*dilute 희석하다, 묽게 하다
1토마토를 요리하여 먹었을 때, 우리의 몸은 리코펜을 더 효과적으로 흡수할 수 있다.
2더 많은 비타민C를 섭취하고 싶다면 생토마토보다 조리된 토마토를 섭취하는 것이 낫다.
3토마토 소스를 구입하고자 한다면, 소금이나 설탕이 첨가되지 않은 것으로 골라야 한다.
4생토마토를 섭취 시, 소금을 적게 넣거나, 칼로리가 적은 드레싱을 선택하도록 한다.
정답 및 해설

일치하지 않는 것은 비타민C를 더 섭취하려면 조리된 토마토가 낫다는 내용이다.

지문은 "Cooked tomatoes ... have lower levels of vitamin C than raw tomatoes"(조리된 토마토는 생토마토보다 비타민C가 적다)라며 생토마토를 고수하라고 한다.

  • 조리 시 리코펜 흡수 향상: "our body can absorb lycopene more effectively when tomatoes are cooked"와 일치한다.
  • 무염·무설탕 소스 선택: "choose a variety with no salt or sugar added"와 일치한다.
  • 생토마토에 소금 적게, 저칼로리 드레싱: "salt them sparingly and choose salad dressings that are low in calories"와 일치한다.
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제모두CBT · moducbt.com
21년 1회차
총 25문항 · 객관식 · 정답·해설 포함
문제 1
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Microorganisms are not calculating entities. They don’t care what they do to you any more than you care what distress you cause when you slaughter them by the millions with a soapy shower. The only time a pathogen cares about you is when it kills you too well. If they eliminate you before they can move on, then they may well die out themselves. This in fact sometimes happens. History, Jared Diamond notes, is full of diseases that “once caused terrifying epidemics and then disappeared as mysteriously as they had come.” He cites the robust but mercifully transient English sweating sickness, which raged from 1485 to 1552, killing tens of thousands as it went, before burning itself out. Too much efficiency is not a good thing for any infectious organism.
*pathogen 병원체

↓
The more (A) pathogens are, the faster it is likely be to (B) .

(A) (B)
1weaker ---- disappear
2weaker ---- spread
3infectious ---- spread
4infectious ---- disappear
정답 및 해설

요약문은 병원체가 전염성이 강할수록(infectious) 더 빨리 사라진다(disappear)는 내용이다.

지문은 "The only time a pathogen cares about you is when it kills you too well"(숙주를 너무 잘 죽일 때만 문제가 된다)이라며, 숙주를 너무 빨리 없애면 "they may well die out themselves"(스스로 소멸할 수 있다)고 한다. 영국 발한병이 "burning itself out"(스스로 소진)한 사례와 "Too much efficiency is not a good thing"이 결론이다.

  • "weaker ---- disappear": 소멸하는 것은 약한 병원체가 아니라 지나치게 효율적인 병원체다.
  • "weaker ---- spread": (A)·(B) 모두 지문과 반대 방향이다.
  • "infectious ---- spread": (A)는 맞지만 결과는 확산이 아니라 소멸이다.
문제 2
밑줄 친 “drains the mind”가 위 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
If the writing is solid and good, the mood and temper of the writer will eventually be revealed and not at the expense of the work. Therefore, to achieve style, begin by affecting none―that is, draw the reader’s attention to the sense and substance of the writing. A careful and honest writer does not need to worry about style. As you become proficient in the use of language, your style will emerge, because you yourself will emerge, and when this happens you will find it increasingly easy to break through the barriers that separate you from other minds and at last, make you stand in the middle of the writing. Fortunately, the act of composition, or creation, disciplines the mind; writing is one way to go about thinking, and the practice and habit of writing drains the mind.
1to heal the mind
2to help to be sensitive
3to satisfy his/her curiosity
4to place oneself in the background
정답 및 해설

"drains the mind"는 글쓰기가 마음에서 자의식을 비워 작가 자신을 뒤로 물러나게 하는 것, 즉 "to place oneself in the background"를 뜻한다.

필자는 "begin by affecting none"(아무것도 꾸미지 말라)이라며 독자의 관심을 "the sense and substance of the writing"(글의 의미와 실체)으로 이끌라고 한다. 작가의 기분과 성향은 "not at the expense of the work"(작품을 희생하지 않고) 저절로 드러나므로, 글쓰기 습관은 작가를 전면에 내세우지 않게 만든다.

  • "to heal the mind"(마음을 치유하다): 치유에 관한 언급은 없다.
  • "to help to be sensitive"(예민해지도록 돕다): 감수성과는 관련이 없다.
  • "to satisfy his/her curiosity"(호기심을 충족하다): 호기심 충족은 지문에 나오지 않는다.
문제 3
(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Some of our dissatisfactions with self and with our lot in life are based on real circumstances, and some are false and simply (A)(perceive / perceived) to be real. The perceived must be sorted out and discarded. The real will either fall into the changeable or the unchangeable classification. If it’s in the latter, we must strive to accept it. If it’s in the former, then we have the alternative to strive instead to remove, exchange, or modify it. All of us have a unique purpose in life; and all of us are gifted, just (B)(different / differently) gifted. It’s not an argument about whether it’s fair or unfair to have been given one, five, or ten talents; it’s about what we have done with our talents. It’s about how well we have invested (C)(them / those) we have been given. If one holds on to the outlook that their life is unfair, then that’s really holding an offense against God.

(A) (B) (C)
1perceive different them
2perceive differently those
3perceived different them
4perceived differently those
정답 및 해설

(A) perceived, (B) differently, (C) those가 어법에 맞다.

(A)는 "some are false and simply perceived to be real"에서 are에 이어지는 수동태(be perceived to be: ~로 여겨지다)이다. (B)는 과거분사 gifted를 수식하므로 부사 differently가, (C)는 관계절 "we have been given"의 수식을 받는 지시대명사 those(= the talents)가 와야 한다.

  • "perceive / different / them": 능동형 perceive, 형용사 different, 관계절 수식을 받지 못하는 them 모두 틀렸다.
  • "perceive / differently / those": 주어 some은 지각되는 대상이므로 능동형 perceive가 틀렸다.
  • "perceived / different / them": 형용사 different는 분사 gifted를 수식하지 못하고, 인칭대명사 them은 관계절의 수식을 받지 못한다.
문제 4
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
People assume that, by charging a low price or one lower than their competitors, they will get more customers. This is a common fallacy.

(A)It is, therefore, far better to have lower-volume, higher-margin products and services as you start; you can always negotiate to reduce your price if you are forced to, but it is rare that you will be able to negotiate an increase.
(B)It is because when you charge reduced prices compared to your competition, you attract the lower end of the customer market. These customers want more for less and often take up more time and overhead in your business. They may also be your most difficult customers to deal with and keep happy.
(C)You also, ironically, repel the better customers because they will pay a higher price for a higher level of product or service. We have seen many competitors come into the market and charge day rates that aren’t sustainable. They often struggle even to fill their quota, and soon enough they give up and move on to doing something else.
*repel 쫓아 버리다
1(B) - (A) - (C)
2(B) - (C) - (A)
3(C) - (A) - (B)
4(C) - (B) - (A)
정답 및 해설

순서는 (B) - (C) - (A)이다.

"This is a common fallacy"(흔한 오류다) 뒤에는 이유를 밝히는 (B) "It is because ... you attract the lower end of the customer market"(저가 고객층을 끌어들인다)가 온다. (C)는 "You also, ironically, repel the better customers"(더 좋은 고객을 쫓아낸다)로 단점을 덧붙이고, (A)가 "therefore"로 저물량·고마진 전략이라는 결론을 내린다.

  • (B)-(A)-(C): 결론 therefore 뒤에 단점 추가(also)가 오면 흐름이 끊긴다.
  • (C)-(A)-(B): (C)의 "also"는 앞서 제시된 단점이 있어야 쓸 수 있고, (B)의 "It is because"는 오류 지적 바로 뒤에 와야 한다.
  • (C)-(B)-(A): 역시 (C)가 첫머리에 올 수 없다.
문제 5
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
Children who enjoy writing are often interested in seeing ①their work in print. One informal approach is to type, print, and post their poetry. Or you can create a photocopied anthology of the poetry of many child writers. But for children who are truly dedicated and ambitious, ② submit a poem for publication is a worthy goal. And there are several web and print resources that print children’s original poetry. Help child poets become familiar with the protocol for submitting manuscripts (style, format, and so forth). Let them choose ③which poems they are most proud of, keep copies of everything submitted, and get parent permission. Then celebrate with them when their work is accepted and appear in print. Congratulate them, ④publicly showcase their accomplishment, and spread the word. Success inspires success. And, of course, if their work is rejected, offer support and encouragement.
*anthology 문집, 선집, **protocol 규약, 의례
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 submit으로, 문장의 주어 자리이므로 동명사 submitting(또는 to submit)으로 고쳐야 한다.

"___ a poem for publication is a worthy goal"에서 동사 is의 주어가 필요한데, 동사원형 submit은 주어가 될 수 없다.

  • "their": 복수 명사 Children을 받는 소유격으로 맞다.
  • "which": "which poems"(어느 시들)로 명사를 수식하는 의문형용사이며 choose의 목적어절을 이끈다.
  • "publicly": 동사 showcase를 수식하는 부사로 맞다.
문제 6
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
With love and strength from the tribe, the tiny seeds mature and grow tall and crops for the people.

In the Pueblo indian culture, corn is to the people the very symbol of life. ( ① ) The Corn Maiden "grandmother of the sun and the light" brought this gift, bringing the power of life to the people. ( ② ) As the corn is given life by the sun, the Corn Maiden brings the fire of the sun into the human bodies, giving man many representations of his love and power through nature. ( ③ ) Each Maiden brings one seed of corn that is nurtured with love like that given to a child and this one seed would sustain the entire tribe forever. ( ④ ) The spirit of the Corn Maidens is forever present with the tribal people.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 "this one seed would sustain the entire tribe forever" 바로 뒤, "The spirit of the Corn Maidens ..." 앞에 들어가야 한다.

주어진 문장의 "the tiny seeds"는 앞 문장의 "one seed of corn"을 받고, "With love and strength from the tribe"는 씨앗을 "nurtured with love like that given to a child"한다는 내용을 잇는다. 씨앗이 자라 부족의 양식이 된다는 진술 뒤에 옥수수 처녀의 정신이 영원하다는 마무리가 자연스럽다.

  • "corn is to the people the very symbol of life" 뒤: 아직 씨앗이 언급되지 않아 "the tiny seeds"가 가리킬 대상이 없다.
  • "bringing the power of life to the people" 뒤: 다음 문장이 태양과 옥수수 처녀 이야기로 이어져 씨앗 성장 내용이 끼어들 자리가 아니다.
  • "through nature" 뒤: 씨앗은 다음 문장 "Each Maiden brings one seed"에서 처음 등장하므로 그보다 앞에 올 수 없다.
문제 7
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Beeches, oaks, spruce and pines produce new growth all the time, and have to get rid of the old. The most obvious change happens every autumn. The leaves have served their purpose: they are now worn out and riddled with insect damage. Before the trees bid them adieu, they pump waste products into them. You could say they are taking this opportunity to relieve themselves. Then they grow a layer of weak tissue to separate each leaf from the twig it’s growing on, and the leaves tumble to the ground in the next breeze. The rustling leaves that now blanket the ground―and make such a satisfying scrunching sound when you scuffle through them―are basically       .
1tree toilet paper
2the plant kitchen
3lungs of the tree
4parents of insects
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "tree toilet paper"(나무의 화장지)가 들어간다.

나무는 잎을 떨구기 전 "pump waste products into them"(노폐물을 잎에 퍼 넣고), 이를 "relieve themselves"(볼일을 보다)에 빗댄다. 따라서 땅에 떨어진 낙엽은 노폐물을 처리하고 버린 휴지와 같다.

  • "the plant kitchen"(식물의 부엌): 양분 생산은 버려지는 낙엽과 맞지 않는다.
  • "lungs of the tree"(나무의 폐): 호흡 기능은 언급되지 않는다.
  • "parents of insects"(곤충의 부모): 곤충 피해는 잎이 낡은 이유로만 나온다.
문제 8
글의 흐름상 가장 어색한 문장은?
Fiction has many uses and one of them is to build empathy. When you watch TV or see a film, you are looking at things happening to other people. Prose fiction is something you build up from 26 letters and a handful of punctuation marks, and you, and you alone, using your imagination, create a world and live there and look out through other eyes. ①You get to feel things, and visit places and worlds you would never otherwise know. ②Fortunately, in the last decade, many of the world’s most beautiful and unknown places have been put in the spotlight. ③You learn that everyone else out there is a me, as well. ④You’re being someone else, and when you return to your own world, you’re going to be slightly changed.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

흐름상 어색한 문장은 "Fortunately, in the last decade, many of the world’s most beautiful and unknown places have been put in the spotlight."이다.

글은 소설이 공감(empathy)을 길러 준다는 내용으로, 상상으로 다른 사람의 눈을 통해 세상을 보는 경험을 설명한다. 세계의 아름다운 장소가 주목받게 되었다는 문장은 이 주제와 무관하다.

  • "You get to feel things, and visit places and worlds you would never otherwise know": 소설로 낯선 세계를 경험한다는 내용으로 흐름에 맞다.
  • "You learn that everyone else out there is a me, as well": 타인도 나와 같다는 깨달음으로 공감 주제와 직결된다.
  • "You’re being someone else ...": 타인이 되어 보고 조금 변해서 돌아온다는 마무리로 자연스럽다.
문제 9
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The seeds of willows and poplars are so minuscule that you can just make out two tiny dark dots in the fluffy flight hairs. One of these seeds weighs a mere 0.0001 grams. With such a meagre energy reserve, a seedling can grow only 1–2 millimetres before it runs out of steam and has to rely on food it makes for itself using its young leaves. But that only works in places where there’s no competition to threaten the tiny sprouts. Other plants casting shade on it would extinguish the new life immediately. And so, if a fluffy little seed package like this falls in a spruce or beech forest, the seed’s life is over before it’s even begun. That’s why willows and poplars       .
*minuscule 아주 작은
1prefer settling in unoccupied territory
2have been chosen as food for herbivores
3have evolved to avoid human intervention
4wear their dead leaves far into the winter
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "prefer settling in unoccupied territory"(비어 있는 땅에 정착하기를 선호한다)가 들어간다.

버드나무·포플러 씨앗은 "meagre energy reserve"(빈약한 에너지 저장량) 때문에 "there’s no competition"(경쟁이 없는) 곳에서만 자랄 수 있고, 다른 식물의 그늘이 생기면 곧 죽는다. 그러므로 경쟁자가 없는 빈 땅을 찾는다는 결론이 자연스럽다.

  • "have been chosen as food for herbivores"(초식동물의 먹이로 선택되었다): 초식동물은 언급되지 않는다.
  • "have evolved to avoid human intervention"(인간의 간섭을 피하도록 진화했다): 인간 간섭이 아니라 다른 식물과의 경쟁이 문제다.
  • "wear their dead leaves far into the winter"(겨울까지 죽은 잎을 달고 있다): 씨앗의 발아 조건과 무관하다.
문제 10
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
Good walking shoes are important. Most major athletic brands offer shoes especially designed for walking. Fit and comfort are more important than style; your shoes should feel ①supportive but not tight or constricting. The uppers should be light, breathable, and flexible, the insole moisture-resistant, and the sole ②shock-absorbent. The heel wedge should be ③lowered, so the sole at the back of the shoe is two times thicker than at the front. Finally, the toe box should be ④spacious, even when you're wearing athletic socks.
1supportive
2shock-absorbent
3lowered
4spacious
정답 및 해설

문맥상 부적절한 낱말은 lowered로, raised(elevated)처럼 높아진다는 뜻이어야 한다.

바로 뒤에서 "the sole at the back of the shoe is two times thicker than at the front"(신발 뒤쪽 밑창이 앞쪽보다 두 배 두껍다)라고 하므로 뒤꿈치 쐐기는 낮아진 것이 아니라 높아진 것이다.

  • "supportive"(잘 받쳐 주는): "not tight or constricting"과 함께 착용감을 설명하므로 적절하다.
  • "shock-absorbent"(충격을 흡수하는): 걷기용 밑창의 특성으로 적절하다.
  • "spacious"(넉넉한): 운동용 양말을 신어도 앞코가 여유 있어야 한다는 뜻으로 적절하다.
문제 11
다음 글의 요지로 가장 알맞은 것은?
If your kids fight every time they play video games, make sure you’re close enough to be able to hear them when they sit down to play. Listen for the particular words or tones of voice they are using that are aggressive, and try to intervene before it develops. Once tempers have settled, try to sit your kids down and discuss the problem without blaming or accusing. Give each kid a chance to talk, uninterrupted, and have them try to come up with solutions to the problem themselves. By the time kids are elementary-school age, they can evaluate which of those solutions are win-win solutions and which ones are most likely to work and satisfy each other over time. They should also learn to revisit problems when solutions are no longer working.
1Ask your kids to evaluate their test.
2Make your kids compete each other.
3Help your kids learn to resolve conflict.
4Teach your kids how to win an argument.
정답 및 해설

요지는 "Help your kids learn to resolve conflict."(아이들이 갈등 해결법을 배우도록 도와라)이다.

필자는 다툼 조짐이 보이면 "try to intervene"(개입하라)하고, 감정이 가라앉으면 비난 없이 대화하며 아이들이 "come up with solutions to the problem themselves"(스스로 해결책을 찾게) 하라고 한다. win-win 해결책을 평가하고 문제를 재검토하는 법도 배워야 한다고 덧붙인다.

  • "Ask your kids to evaluate their test.": 시험 평가는 언급되지 않는다.
  • "Make your kids compete each other.": 경쟁을 시키라는 것은 갈등 해결과 반대다.
  • "Teach your kids how to win an argument.": 논쟁에서 이기는 법이 아니라 서로 만족하는 해결책이 핵심이다.
문제 12
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
There’s a current trend to avoid germs at all cost. We disinfect our bathrooms, kitchens, and the air. We sanitize our hands and gargle with mouthwash to kill germs. Some folks avoid as much human contact as possible and won’t even shake your hand for fear of getting germs. I think it’s safe to say that some people would purify everything but their minds. Remember the story of “the Boy in the Bubble”? He was born without an immune system and had to live in a room that was completely germ free, with no human contact. Of course, everyone should take prudent measures to maintain reasonable standards of cleanliness and personal hygiene, but in many cases, aren’t we going overboard? When we come in contact with most germs, our body destroys them, which in turn strengthens our immune system and its ability to further fight off disease. Thus, these “good germs” actually make us healthier. Even if it were possible to avoid all germs and to live in a sterile environment, wouldn’t we then be like “the Boy in the Bubble”?
1세균에 감염되지 않도록 개인의 위생 환경 조성이 필요하다.
2면역 능력이 상실된 채로 태어난 유아에 대한 치료가 시급하다.
3지역사회의 방역 능력 강화를 위해 국가의 재정 지원이 시급하다.
4과도하게 세균을 제거하려고 하는 것이 오히려 면역 능력을 해친다.
정답 및 해설

요지는 과도하게 세균을 제거하려 하는 것이 오히려 면역 능력을 해친다는 것이다.

필자는 "aren’t we going overboard?"(지나치지 않은가)라고 묻고, 세균과 접촉하면 몸이 이를 파괴하며 "strengthens our immune system"(면역 체계를 강화한다)고 한다. 무균 환경에 살면 "the Boy in the Bubble"처럼 될 것이라고 경고한다.

  • 개인 위생 환경 조성의 필요성: 적당한 청결은 인정하지만 과도한 살균을 비판하는 것이 요지다.
  • 면역 결핍 유아 치료의 시급성: 버블 소년은 비유로 든 사례일 뿐이다.
  • 지역사회 방역을 위한 국가 재정 지원: 지문에 나오지 않는다.
문제 13
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분을 어법상 바르게 고친 것이 아닌 것은?
①Knowing as the Golden City, Jaisalmer, a former caravan center on the route to the Khyber Pass, rises from a sea of sand, its 30-foot-high walls and medieval sandstone fort ②shelters carved spires and palaces that soar into the sapphire sky. With its tiny winding lanes and hidden temples, Jaisalmer is straight out of The Arabian Nights, and so little has life altered here ③which it's easy to imagine yourself back in the 13th century. It's the only fortress city in India still functioning, with one quarter of its population ④lived within the walls, and it's just far enough off the beaten path to have been spared the worst ravages of tourism. The city's wealth originally came from the substantial tolls it placed on passing camel caravans.
1Knowing → Known
2shelters → sheltering
3which → that
4lived → lives
정답 및 해설

바르게 고친 것이 아닌 것은 lived → lives이며, 올바른 형태는 living이다.

"with one quarter of its population ___ within the walls"는 with + 목적어 + 분사 구문으로, 인구가 성벽 안에 '사는' 능동 관계이므로 현재분사 living이 와야 한다. 정동사 lives는 이 자리에 올 수 없다.

  • "Knowing → Known": 자이살메르가 황금 도시로 '알려진' 것이므로 수동 분사구문 Known as가 맞다.
  • "shelters → sheltering": 주절 뒤 "its ... walls and ... fort sheltering ~"은 의미상 주어가 있는 독립분사구문이므로 분사로 고친 것이 맞다.
  • "which → that": "so little has life altered here that ~"은 so ~ that 구문(도치)이므로 that으로 고친 것이 맞다.
문제 14
다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
The learned are neither apathetic nor indifferent regarding the world's problems. More books on these issues are being published than ever, though few capture the general public's attention. Likewise, new research discoveries are constantly being made at universities, and shared at conferences worldwide. Unfortunately, most of this activity is self-serving. With the exception of science ― and here, too, only selectively ― new insights are not trickling down to the public in ways to help improve our lives. Yet, these discoveries aren't simply the property of the elite, and should not remain in the possession of a select few professionals. Each person must make his and her own life's decisions, and make those choices in light of our current understanding of who we are and what is good for us. For that matter, we must find a way to somehow make new discoveries accessible to every person.
*apathetic 냉담한, 무관심한, **trickle 흐르다
1학자들은 연구 논문을 작성할 때 주관성을 배제해야 한다.
2새로운 연구 결과에 모든 사람이 접근할 수 있게 해야 한다.
3소수 엘리트 학자들의 폐쇄성을 극복할 계기를 마련해야 한다.
4학자들이 연구 과정에서 겪는 어려움을 극복하도록 도와야 한다.
정답 및 해설

필자의 주장은 새로운 연구 결과에 모든 사람이 접근할 수 있게 해야 한다는 것이다.

필자는 새로운 통찰이 "not trickling down to the public"(대중에게 흘러가지 않는다)고 지적하고, 연구 성과가 "should not remain in the possession of a select few professionals"(소수 전문가의 소유로 남아선 안 된다)며 마지막에 "make new discoveries accessible to every person"을 촉구한다.

  • 연구 논문의 주관성 배제: 연구 방법이나 객관성은 다루지 않는다.
  • 소수 엘리트 학자의 폐쇄성 극복 계기 마련: 엘리트 소유를 비판하지만 핵심은 대중의 접근성 확보다.
  • 학자들의 연구 과정 어려움 극복 지원: 언급되지 않는다.
문제 15
다음 글의 주제로 가장 알맞은 것은?
Language gives individual identity and a sense of belonging. When children proudly learn their language and are able to speak it at home and in their neighborhood, the children will have a high self-esteem. Moreover, children who know the true value of their mother tongue will not feel like they are achievers when they speak a foreign language. With improved self-identity and self-esteem, the classroom performance of a child also improves because such a child goes to school with less worries about linguistic marginalization.
*linguistic marginalization 언어적 소외감
1the importance of mother tongue in child development
2the effect on children’s foreign language learning
3the way to improve children’s self-esteem
4the efficiency of the linguistic analysis
정답 및 해설

주제는 "the importance of mother tongue in child development"(아동 발달에서 모국어의 중요성)이다.

모국어를 자랑스럽게 배운 아이는 "a high self-esteem"(높은 자존감)을 갖고, 향상된 정체성과 자존감 덕분에 "classroom performance"(학업 성취)도 좋아진다고 한다. 모든 논지가 모국어가 아동에게 주는 효과에 모인다.

  • "the effect on children’s foreign language learning": 외국어 학습 효과는 다루지 않는다.
  • "the way to improve children’s self-esteem": 자존감은 모국어의 효과 중 하나일 뿐이며 핵심인 모국어가 빠졌다.
  • "the efficiency of the linguistic analysis": 언어 분석은 언급되지 않는다.
문제 16
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Many animals are not loners. They discovered, or perhaps nature discovered for them, that by living and working together, they could interact with the world more effectively. For example, if an animal hunts for food by itself, it can only catch, kill, and eat animals much smaller than itself―but if animals band together in a group, they can catch and kill animals bigger than they are. A pack of wolves can kill a horse, which can feed the group very well. Thus, more food is available to the same animals in the same forest if they work together than if they work alone. Cooperation has other benefits: The animals can alert each other to danger, can find more food (if they search separately and then follow the ones who succeed in finding food), and can even provide some care to those who are sick and injured. Mating and reproduction are also easier if the animals live in a group than if they live far apart.
1benefits of being social in animals
2drawbacks of cooperative behaviors
3common traits of animals and humans
4competitions in mating and reproduction
정답 및 해설

주제는 "benefits of being social in animals"(동물이 무리 지어 사는 것의 이점)이다.

무리를 지으면 더 큰 먹잇감을 사냥할 수 있고, 위험을 알리며, 아픈 개체를 돌보고, 짝짓기도 쉽다고 한다. 글은 "Cooperation has other benefits"처럼 협력의 이점을 나열한다.

  • "drawbacks of cooperative behaviors": 단점이 아니라 장점을 다룬다.
  • "common traits of animals and humans": 인간과의 공통점은 다루지 않는다.
  • "competitions in mating and reproduction": 짝짓기는 무리 생활의 이점 하나로만 언급되며 경쟁 이야기가 아니다.
문제 17
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
My own curiosity had been encouraged by my studies in philosophy at university. The course listed the numerous philosophers that we were supposed to study and I thought at first that our task was to learn and absorb their work as a sort of secular Bible. But I was ①delighted to discover that my tutor was not interested in me reciting their theories but only in helping me to develop my own, using the philosophers of the past as stimulants not authorities. It was the key to my intellectual ②freedom. Now I had official permission to think for myself, to question anything and everything and only agree if I thought it right. A ③good education would have given me that permission much earlier. Some, alas, never seem to have received it and go on reciting the rules of others as if they were sacrosanct. As a result, they become the unwitting ④opponents of other people’s worlds. Philosophy, I now think, is too important to be left to professional philosophers. We should all learn to think like philosophers, starting at primary school.
*sacrosanct 신성불가침의, ***unwitting 자신도 모르는
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

문맥상 부적절한 낱말은 opponents(반대자)로, 남의 세계에 갇힌 사람(prisoners 등)이라는 의미가 되어야 한다.

스스로 생각할 허락을 받지 못한 사람들은 남의 규칙을 "as if they were sacrosanct"(신성불가침인 듯) 읊조리므로 자신도 모르게 남의 세계에 종속된다. 남의 규칙을 그대로 따르는 사람은 그 세계의 반대자가 될 수 없다.

  • "delighted"(기뻐한): 지도교수가 이론 암기가 아니라 자기 생각을 키우게 도왔다는 데 대한 반응으로 적절하다.
  • "freedom"(자유): 스스로 생각할 "official permission"을 얻은 것이므로 지적 자유가 맞다.
  • "good"(좋은): 좋은 교육이라면 그 허락을 더 일찍 주었을 것이라는 의미로 적절하다.
문제 18
(A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Looking back, scientists have uncovered a mountain of evidence (A)[that / what] Mayan leaders were aware for many centuries of their uncertain dependence on rainfall. Water shortages were not only understood but also recorded and planned for. The Mayans enforced conservation during low rainfall years, tightly regulating the types of crops grown, the use of public water, and food rationing. During the first half of their three-thousand-year reign, the Mayans continued to build larger underground artificial lakes and containers (B)[stored / to store] rainwater for drought months. As impressive as their elaborately decorated temples (C)[did / were], their efficient systems for collecting and warehousing water were masterpieces in design and engineering.
*rationing 배급

(A) (B) (C)
1that --- to store --- were
2what --- stored --- did
3that --- to store --- did
4what --- stored --- were
정답 및 해설

(A) that, (B) to store, (C) were가 어법에 맞다.

(A)는 evidence의 내용을 설명하는 완전한 절이 이어지므로 동격의 접속사 that이다. (B)는 용기가 빗물을 '저장하기 위한' 것이므로 목적어 rainwater를 취하는 to부정사가 맞다. (C)는 "As impressive as their ... temples were"로 형용사 impressive를 보어로 받는 be동사 자리이다.

  • "what / stored / did": what은 불완전한 절을 이끌고, stored는 목적어 rainwater를 취한 용도 표현이 되지 못하며, did는 형용사 보어를 대신하지 못한다.
  • "that / to store / did": impressive는 be동사의 보어이므로 대동사 did가 아니라 were가 와야 한다.
  • "what / stored / were": 뒤 절이 완전하므로 what이 아니라 that이고, stored로는 빗물을 저장하는 용도를 나타낼 수 없다.
문제 19
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Religion can certainly bring out the best in a person, but it is not the only phenomenon with that property.

(A)People who would otherwise be self-absorbed or shallow or crude or simply quitters are often ennobled by their religion, given a perspective on life that helps them make the hard decisions that we all would be proud to make.
(B)Having a child often has a wonderfully maturing effect on a person. Wartime, famously, gives people an abundance of occasions to rise to, as do natural disasters like floods and hurricanes.
(C)But for day-in, day-out lifelong bracing, there is probably nothing so effective as religion: it makes powerful and talented people more humble and patient, it makes average people rise above themselves, it provides sturdy support for many people who desperately need help staying away from drink or drugs or crime.
1(B) - (A) - (C)
2(B) - (C) - (A)
3(C) - (A) - (B)
4(C) - (B) - (A)
정답 및 해설

순서는 (B) - (C) - (A)이다.

"it is not the only phenomenon with that property"(그런 특성을 지닌 유일한 현상은 아니다) 뒤에는 다른 현상인 아이를 갖는 것, 전쟁, 자연재해를 예로 든 (B)가 온다. (C)는 "But"으로 그래도 평생에 걸친 버팀목으로는 종교만 한 것이 없다고 하고, (A)가 종교가 사람을 고귀하게 만드는 모습을 구체적으로 덧붙인다.

  • (B)-(A)-(C): (A)의 종교 이야기 뒤에 "But ... religion"이 오면 역접이 성립하지 않는다.
  • (C)-(A)-(B): "But"으로 시작하는 (C)는 다른 현상을 제시한 (B) 뒤에 와야 한다.
  • (C)-(B)-(A): 역시 (C)가 맨 앞에 올 수 없다.
문제 20
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
More people require more resources, which means that as the population increases, the Earth’s resources deplete more rapidly.

(A)Population growth also results in increased greenhouse gases, mostly from CO2 emissions. For visualization, during that same 20th century that saw fourfold population growth, CO2 emissions increased twelvefold.
(B) The result of this depletion is deforestation and loss of biodiversity as humans strip the Earth of resources to accommodate rising population numbers.
(C)As greenhouse gases increase, so do climate patterns, ultimately resulting in the long-term pattern called climate change.
*deplete 고갈시키다, 대폭 감소시키다
1(A) - (B) - (C)
2(B) - (A) - (C)
3(B) - (C) - (A)
4(C) - (A) - (B)
정답 및 해설

순서는 (B) - (A) - (C)이다.

주어진 문장의 자원 고갈("deplete")을 (B)가 "The result of this depletion"으로 받아 삼림 파괴를 설명한다. (A)는 "also"로 또 다른 결과인 온실가스 증가를 제시하고, (C)가 "As greenhouse gases increase"로 받아 기후 변화로 마무리한다.

  • (A)-(B)-(C): (A)의 "also"가 받을 앞선 결과가 없고, (B)의 "this depletion"도 주어진 문장과 멀어진다.
  • (B)-(C)-(A): (C)의 "greenhouse gases"는 (A)에서 먼저 소개되어야 한다.
  • (C)-(A)-(B): 온실가스를 소개하기 전에 (C)가 나올 수 없다.
문제 21
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?
Medical anthropologists with extensive training in human biology and physiology study disease transmission patterns and how particular groups adapt to the presence of diseases like malaria and sleeping sickness. ①Because the transmission of viruses and bacteria is strongly influenced by people’s diets, sanitation, and other behaviors, many medical anthropologists work as a team with epidemiologists to identify cultural practices that affect the spread of disease. ②Though it may be a commonly held belief that most students enter medicine for humanitarian reasons rather than for the financial rewards of a successful medical career, in developed nations the prospect of status and rewards is probably one incentive. ③Different cultures have different ideas about the causes and symptoms of disease, how best to treat illnesses, the abilities of traditional healers and doctors, and the importance of community involvement in the healing process. ④By studying how a human community perceives such things, medical anthropologists help hospitals and other agencies deliver health care services more effectively.
*epidemiologist 유행[전염]병학자
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은 "Though it may be a commonly held belief that most students enter medicine for humanitarian reasons ..."이다.

글은 의료인류학자가 질병 전파와 문화적 관습을 연구해 의료 서비스 전달을 돕는다는 내용인데, 이 문장은 의대 진학 동기를 다루어 주제에서 벗어난다.

  • "Because the transmission of viruses and bacteria is strongly influenced by people’s diets ...": 역학자와 협력해 문화적 관습을 찾는다는 내용으로 흐름에 맞다.
  • "Different cultures have different ideas about the causes and symptoms of disease ...": 문화별 질병 관념을 소개해 다음 문장으로 이어진다.
  • "By studying how a human community perceives such things ...": 그 연구가 의료 서비스 개선에 기여한다는 결론이다.
문제 22
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Sequoya (1760?-1843) was born in eastern Tennessee, into a prestigious family that was highly regarded for its knowledge of Cherokee tribal traditions and religion.

(A)Recognizing the possibilities writing had for his people, Sequoya invented a Cherokee alphabet in 1821. With this system of writing, Sequoya was able to record ancient tribal customs.
(B)More important, his alphabet helped the Cherokee nation develop a publishing industry so that newspapers and books could be printed. School-age children were thus able to learn about Cherokee culture and traditions in their own language.
(C)As a child, Sequoya learned the Cherokee oral tradition; then, as an adult, he was introduced to Euro-American culture. In his letters, Sequoya mentions how he became fascinated with the writing methods European Americans used to communicate.
1(B) - (A) - (C)
2(B) - (C) - (A)
3(C) - (A) - (B)
4(C) - (B) - (A)
정답 및 해설

순서는 (C) - (A) - (B)이다.

세쿼야의 출생 뒤에는 "As a child"로 성장 과정과 문자에 매료된 계기를 밝힌 (C)가 온다. (A)는 그 가능성을 인식해 체로키 문자를 만든 일을, (B)는 "More important"로 출판 산업과 교육에 끼친 영향을 덧붙인다.

  • (B)-(A)-(C): "his alphabet"이 문자 발명보다 먼저 나올 수 없다.
  • (B)-(C)-(A): 역시 (B)가 문자 발명보다 앞설 수 없다.
  • (C)-(B)-(A): (B)의 "More important"는 (A)의 첫 번째 성과 뒤에 와야 한다.
문제 23
Peanut Butter Drive에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
SPREAD THE LOVE
Fight Hunger During the Peanut Butter Drive
Make a contribution to our community by helping local families who need a little assistance. We are kicking off our 4th annual area-wide peanut butter drive to benefit children, families and seniors who face hunger in Northeast Louisiana.
Peanut butter is a much needed staple at Food Banks as it is a protein-packed food that kids and adults love. Please donate peanut butter in plastic jars or funds to the Monroe Food Bank by Friday, March 29th at 4:00 pm. Donations of peanut butter can be dropped off at the food bank’s distribution center located at 4600 Central Avenue in Monroe on Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 4:00 pm. Monetary donations can be made here or by calling 427-418-4581.
For other drop-off locations, visit our website at https://www.foodbanknela.org
1배고픈 사람들에게 도움을 주려는 행사이다.
2토요일과 일요일에도 땅콩버터를 기부할 수 있다.
3전화를 걸어 금전 기부를 할 수도 있다.
4땅콩버터를 기부하는 장소는 여러 곳이 있다.
정답 및 해설

일치하지 않는 것은 토요일과 일요일에도 땅콩버터를 기부할 수 있다는 내용이다.

안내문은 땅콩버터를 "on Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 4:00 pm"(월~금요일 오전 8시~오후 4시)에 배분 센터에 맡길 수 있다고 한다.

  • 배고픈 사람들을 돕는 행사: "Fight Hunger"와 "who face hunger"에 나온다.
  • 전화로 금전 기부 가능: "Monetary donations can be made here or by calling ..."과 일치한다.
  • 기부 장소가 여러 곳: "For other drop-off locations, visit our website"에서 다른 장소가 있음을 알 수 있다.
문제 24
다음 글에 나타난 화자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Our whole tribe was poverty-stricken. Every branch of the Garoghlanian family was living in the most amazing and comical poverty in the world. Nobody could understand where we ever got money enough to keep us with food in our bellies. Most important of all, though, we were famous for our honesty. We had been famous for honesty for something like eleven centuries, even when we had been the wealthiest family in what we liked to think was the world. We put pride first, honest next, and after that we believed in right and wrong. None of us would take advantage of anybody in the world.
*poverty-stricken 가난에 시달리는
1peaceful and calm
2satisfied and proud
3horrified and feared
4amazed and astonished
정답 및 해설

화자의 심경은 "satisfied and proud"(만족스럽고 자랑스러운)이다.

화자는 집안이 가난하다고 하면서도 "we were famous for our honesty"(정직함으로 유명했다)와 "We put pride first"를 강조하며 가문에 대한 긍지를 드러낸다.

  • "peaceful and calm"(평화롭고 차분한): 가문의 명예를 내세우는 자부심이 드러나 단순한 평온과는 다르다.
  • "horrified and feared"(겁에 질린): 가난을 "comical"(우스운)이라 할 만큼 두려움이 없다.
  • "amazed and astonished"(놀란): "most amazing"은 가난의 정도를 묘사할 뿐 화자의 놀람이 아니다.
문제 25
다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
Despite the increasing popularity of consuming raw foods, you can still gain nutrients from cooked vegetables. For example, our body can absorb lycopene more effectively when tomatoes are cooked. (Keep in mind, however, that raw tomatoes are still a good source of lycopene.) Cooked tomatoes, however, have lower levels of vitamin C than raw tomatoes, so if you’re looking to increase your levels, you might be better off sticking with the raw. Whether you decide to eat them cooked or raw, it’s important not to dilute the health benefits of tomatoes. If you’re buying tomato sauce or paste, choose a variety with no salt or sugar added—or better yet, cook your own sauce at home. And if you’re eating your tomatoes raw, salt them sparingly and choose salad dressings that are low in calories and saturated fat.
*dilute 희석하다, 묽게 하다
1토마토를 요리하여 먹었을 때, 우리의 몸은 리코펜을 더 효과적으로 흡수할 수 있다.
2더 많은 비타민C를 섭취하고 싶다면 생토마토보다 조리된 토마토를 섭취하는 것이 낫다.
3토마토 소스를 구입하고자 한다면, 소금이나 설탕이 첨가되지 않은 것으로 골라야 한다.
4생토마토를 섭취 시, 소금을 적게 넣거나, 칼로리가 적은 드레싱을 선택하도록 한다.
정답 및 해설

일치하지 않는 것은 비타민C를 더 섭취하려면 조리된 토마토가 낫다는 내용이다.

지문은 "Cooked tomatoes ... have lower levels of vitamin C than raw tomatoes"(조리된 토마토는 생토마토보다 비타민C가 적다)라며 생토마토를 고수하라고 한다.

  • 조리 시 리코펜 흡수 향상: "our body can absorb lycopene more effectively when tomatoes are cooked"와 일치한다.
  • 무염·무설탕 소스 선택: "choose a variety with no salt or sugar added"와 일치한다.
  • 생토마토에 소금 적게, 저칼로리 드레싱: "salt them sparingly and choose salad dressings that are low in calories"와 일치한다.