Which of the following best fits in the… | [국회직 8급 영어] 18년 1회차 기출문제 상세 페이지

Which of the following best fits in the blank?
Contacts between American Indian groups and Europeans resulted in borrowed vocabulary, some groups borrowing very little from Europeans and others more; European languages also borrowed terms from Native American languages. The type and degree of linguistic adaptation to European culture has varied greatly among American Indian groups, depending on sociocultural factors. For example, among the Karuk of northwestern California, a tribe that suffered harsh treatment at the hands of whites, there are only a few loanwords from English, such as ápus ‘apple(s),’ and a few calques (loan translations), such as the ‘pear’ being called vírusur ‘bear’ because in Karuk the p and b sounds, as in English pear and bear, ____________________________________. A large number of words for new items of acculturation were produced based on native words—e.g., a hotel being called amnaam ‘eating place.’ Native American languages have borrowed words from Dutch, English, French, Russian, Spanish (called hispanisms), and Swedish. American Indian languages have contributed numerous words to European languages, especially names for plants, animals, and native culture items. From Algonquian languages English has the words caribou, chipmunk, hickory, moccasin, moose, opossum, persimmon, powwow, raccoon, skunk, squash, tomahawk, totem, wickiup, and others.

are not distinguished

do not exist in Karuk

do not occur both in ‘pear’ and ‘bear’

are produced by the lips only

are placed in word-initial positions

빈칸에는 “are not distinguished”(구별되지 않는다)가 알맞다.
Karuk어에서 ‘pear’를 ‘bear’에 해당하는 말 “vírusur”로 부른 것은 번역 차용의 사례다. 그 이유를 “because”로 설명하는 자리이므로, p와 b가 구별되지 않아 두 영어 단어가 같게 들렸다는 내용이어야 한다.
“do not exist in Karuk”는 Karuk어의 차용어 “ápus”에 p가 쓰인 것과 맞지 않는다.
“do not occur both in ‘pear’ and ‘bear’”는 두 소리가 두 단어에 함께 나오지 않는다는 뜻일 뿐, 두 단어가 같은 말로 옮겨진 이유가 되지 못한다.
“are produced by the lips only”는 조음 방식을 말할 뿐 두 소리가 같게 취급된 이유를 설명하지 못한다.
“are placed in word-initial positions”는 소리의 위치를 말하는 것으로, ‘pear’를 ‘bear’로 옮긴 이유가 되지 않는다.