Which of the following is NOT grammatic… | [국회직 8급 영어] 22년 1회차 기출문제 상세 페이지

Which of the following is NOT grammatically correct?
If AI is given more agency and takes over what humans used to do, ①how do we then attribute moral responsibility? Who is responsible for the harms and benefits of the technology when humans delegate agency and decisions to AI? The first problem is that an AI system can take actions and make decisions that have ethical consequences, but is not aware of what it does and not capable of moral thought and ②hence cannot hold morally responsible for what it does. Machines can be agents but not moral agents ③since they lack consciousness, free will, emotions, the capability to form intentions, and the like. For example, on an Aristotelian view, only humans can perform voluntary actions and deliberate about their actions. If this is true, the only solution is to make humans responsible for what the machine does. ④Humans then delegate agency to the machine, but retain the responsibility. However, this solution faces several problems. An AI system may make its decisions and actions very quickly, for example, in high-frequency trading or in a self-driving car, ⑤which gives the human too little time to make the final decision or to intervene. How can humans take responsibility for such actions and decisions?

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어법상 틀린 것은 “hence cannot hold morally responsible for what it does”이다. 능동·수동의 태 오류이므로 “hence cannot be held morally responsible”로 고쳐야 한다.
주어는 “an AI system”이고, “hold+목적어+responsible”(~에게 책임을 묻다)에서 AI는 책임을 ‘지워지는’ 대상이다. 따라서 수동태가 되어야 한다.
“how do we then attribute moral responsibility”: 의문문 어순이 맞고, attribute는 목적어 moral responsibility를 취한다.
“since they lack consciousness, free will, emotions, the capability to form intentions, and the like”: 접속사+주어+동사 구조이며, lack은 전치사 없이 목적어를 취하는 타동사다.
“Humans then delegate agency to the machine”: 복수 주어에 맞는 동사이고, delegate A to B 구문이다.
“which gives the human too little time to make the final decision or to intervene”: 앞 절 전체를 받는 계속적 용법의 관계대명사로, 단수 동사가 맞다.