다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?Think about how you… | [국회직 9급 영어] 21년 1회차 기출문제 상세 페이지

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Think about how you feel if somebody cuts you off, or makes an illegal left turn in front of you. If you are like most people you get annoyed, perhaps very annoyed, and want to punish the rule breaker, even though you know you’ll never see the person again. Or, think about how you feel when someone cuts in line while you wait for a movie. Most people get quite angry, even if they are near the front of the line and are sure to get a good seat. Such emotions can give rise to voluntary, informal punishment of people who break social rules. But in complex societies, it’s hard to know whether such punishment plays a significant role in maintaining social norms because police and courts also act to punish rule breakers. Many simple societies lack formal legal institutions, so the only kind of punishment is informal and voluntary. In small-scale societies, considerable ethnographic evidence suggests that moral norms are enforced by punishment.

benefits and disadvantages of formal punishment

the relationship between punishment and the scale of society

moral norms and their impacts on the society

the effect of harsh punishment on antisocial behaviors

the role of the legal system in safeguarding national security

글의 주제는 “the relationship between punishment and the scale of society”(처벌과 사회 규모의 관계)이다.
복잡한 사회에서는 경찰·법원이 있어 비공식 처벌의 역할을 가늠하기 어렵지만, “small-scale societies”(소규모 사회)에서는 비공식·자발적 처벌이 규범을 유지한다는 대비가 글의 핵심이다.
“benefits and disadvantages of formal punishment”(공식 처벌의 장단점)는 지문이 평가하지 않은 내용이다.
“moral norms and their impacts on the society”(도덕 규범이 사회에 미치는 영향)는 규범이 처벌로 유지된다는 방향과 다르다.
“the effect of harsh punishment on antisocial behaviors”(가혹한 처벌의 효과)는 처벌의 강도를 다룬 적이 없다.
“the role of the legal system in safeguarding national security”(국가 안보에서 법 체계의 역할)는 지문에 없는 주제다.