Which of the following is NOT true acco… | [국회직 8급 영어] 19년 1회차 기출문제 상세 페이지

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
The energy changes associated with physicochemical processes are the province of thermodynamics, a subdiscipline of physics. The first two laws of thermodynamics state, in essence, that energy can be neither created nor destroyed and that the effect of physical and chemical changes is to increase the disorder, or randomness (i.e., entropy), of the universe. Although it might be supposed that biological processes—through which organisms grow in a highly ordered and complex manner, maintain order and complexity throughout their life, and pass on the instructions for order to succeeding generations—are in contravention of these laws, this is not so. Living organisms neither consume nor create energy: they can only transform it from one form to another. From the environment they absorb energy in a form useful to them; to the environment they return an equivalent amount of energy in a biologically less useful form. The useful energy, or free energy, may be defined as energy capable of doing work under isothermal conditions (conditions in which no temperature differential exists); free energy is associated with any chemical change. Energy less useful than free energy is returned to the environment, usually as heat. Heat cannot perform work in biological systems because all parts of cells have essentially the same temperature and pressure.

According to the thermodynamics laws, physicochemical changes increase entropy.

Organisms do not destroy energy in the process of growth.

Free energy performs chemical change inside organisms.

Energy unused in the process of chemical change is released usually as heat.

Heat not only helps organisms maintain temperature but also accelerates chemical change.

지문과 일치하지 않는 내용은 “Heat not only helps organisms maintain temperature but also accelerates chemical change.”이다.
지문에서 열은 덜 유용한 에너지로 환경에 되돌려지며, “Heat cannot perform work in biological systems”라고 했다. 열이 체온을 유지하거나 화학 변화를 가속한다는 내용은 어디에도 없다.
“physicochemical changes increase entropy”: “to increase the disorder, or randomness (i.e., entropy)”와 일치한다.
“Organisms do not destroy energy …”: “Living organisms neither consume nor create energy”와 “only transform it”에 부합한다.
“Free energy performs chemical change inside organisms.”: “capable of doing work”와 “free energy is associated with any chemical change”에 부합한다.
“Energy unused … is released usually as heat.”: “returned to the environment, usually as heat”와 일치한다.