Which of the following can NOT be infer… | [컨벤션기획사 2급 필기] 19년 1회차 기출문제 상세 페이지

Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the under passage?
The word culture has many different meanings. For example, we sometimes say that people who know about art, music and literature are cultured.
However, the word culture has a different meaning for anthropologists (people who study humankind). To an anthropologist the word culture means all the ways in which a group of people act, dress, drink, and feel. People have to learn the cultural ways of their community: they are not something that the people in the group are born with.
Instinctive behavior, ___________ , is a pattern of behavior that an animal is born with. Spiders spinning their webs are examples of instinctive behavior. The mother spider does not teach her babies how to spin webs. They know how to do it when they are born. Baby birds will instinctively run away if a cardboard shape of a hawk is moves forwards over their heads. However, they do not run if the cardboard shape is moved backwards. Hawks do not fly backwards, so the baby birds instinct does not tell them that there is any danger. Their instinct is quite specific. As humans, we learn some of the ways of our culture by being taught by our teachers or parents. We learn more of teachers or parents. We see how other people in our culture do things, and we do them the same way We eveb learn how to think and feel in this way.

People with different cultural backgrounds may respond to the same situation in different ways.

Culture is largely determined on the basis of instinct.

Different communities may develop different cultures.

Instinct enables some animals to perform certain specific tasks without being taught.

지문은 문화가 본능이 아니라 학습(learned)으로 전해진다고 말하므로, 문화가 대체로 본능에 근거해 결정된다는 진술은 추론할 수 없다.
인류학적 의미의 문화에 대해 "People have to learn the cultural ways of their community: they are not something that the people in the group are born with"이라 못박고, 마지막에도 교사·부모에게 배우고 주변 사람을 보고 따라 하며 사고와 감정까지 학습한다고 한다. 반대로 본능은 "a pattern of behavior that an animal is born with"으로 정의되어 문화와 대립된다.
문화가 집단이 행동·복장·음식·감정을 다루는 방식 전반이라고 했으므로, 문화적 배경이 다르면 같은 상황에 다르게 반응한다는 추론은 가능하다.
문화를 '자기 공동체(community)의 방식'으로 규정했으므로 공동체마다 다른 문화가 형성된다는 추론도 가능하다.
거미가 배우지 않고도 거미줄을 치고 어미가 새끼에게 가르치지 않는다는 예시에서, 본능이 학습 없이 특정 행동을 수행하게 한다는 추론이 나온다.