[법원직 9급 영어] 25년 1회차 기출문제 정답·해설 페이지

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Digital health has quickly become an integral component of best practice health care, transforming the way care is delivered.

(A)As the need for and reliance on digital health solutions is rising due to these two and even more benefits, there is now an increased focus on the privacy and security of personal and health information collected via health information technologies (HITs), such as health-related apps and e-tools (e.g., websites and web-based courses).
(B)It is widely recognized that digital health solutions improve access to care, particularly for individuals with mobility or transport restrictions, or for those who live remotely where health care resources may be limited.
(C)Beyond access issues, digital health also has the potential to optimize or eliminate waitlists and facilitate routine outcome monitoring to strengthen and maintain patient-health professional relationships, allowing for shared, data-driven decision-making on appropriate treatment plans.

(B) - (A) - (C)

(B) - (C) - (A)

(C) - (A) - (B)

(C) - (B) - (A)

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 
Extreme heat is remaking our planet into one in which large swaths may become inhospitable to human life. One recent study projected that over the next fifty years, one to three billion people will be left outside the climate conditions that gave rise to civilization over the last six thousand years. Even if we transition fairly quickly to clean energy, half of the world’s human population will be exposed to life-threatening combinations of heat and humidity by 2100. Temperatures in parts of the world could rise so high that just stepping outside for a few hours, another study warned, “will result in death even for the fittest of humans.”

the beneficial opportunities that a warmer climate may offer for agriculture and economic growth

the focus on protecting endangered plants as the main goal of addressing climate issues

the potential for technological advances to fully mitigate future climate-related risks

the severe life-threatening impact of extreme heat on the habitability of the planet for humans

다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Although cuteness can be a matter of personal preference, people tend to find young mammals cute and adorable, and it is likely that this tendency is       . Cuteness serves a purpose in species whose young cannot live on their own right away. People are drawn to babies, and it’s their body proportions (large head, large eyes, and small mouth, compared with the rest of the body) that may be an evolutionary trigger or a reminder that nurturing our young is an important adaptation for our long-term survival as a species. Babies are helpless, so our affection for them and our instinct to protect them, regardless of whether we are related to them, makes good evolutionary sense. The young of other animals that also require some level of parental care tend to have similar facial and body proportions, and these qualities make it more likely that their own parents will provide *sustenance and other resources long enough to ensure their survival.
* sustenance (생명 유지에 필요한) 영양

a unique trait owned only by a few

the result of an evolutionary development

the reason why humans love fully grown animals

a behavior exclusively shown towards human babies

다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
An important ingredient for a child’s language learning is the social context. Early language learning requires human interactions; televisions and computers are not sufficient. Warm, mutually respectful, and low stress communications between infants and competent language users (adults or other children) facilitate language learning. Language learning requires the child’s active engagement with the input. Children must monitor the input, detecting, for example, differences between what they heard and what they have said or what they thought a word meant. Recognizing these discrepancies helps children progress in learning meaning and structure. Talking about what a child is doing or expanding what a child has just said facilitates the child’s active engagement.

아이들과 능숙한 언어 사용자들 간의 상호 존중이 있는 소통이 언어 학습을 촉진한다.

언어 학습을 위해서는 투입된 정보에 대한 아이들의 능동적인 참여가 필요하다.

아이들은 자신들이 들은 것과 말한 것 사이의 공통점을 찾는 등 투입된 정보를 관찰해야 한다.

아이가 방금 말한 것을 확장시키는 것은 아이의 적극적인 참여에 도움이 된다.

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Museums are currently active participants in discussions about highly political issues, including global warming, decolonization, *reparations for Native American groups, and discrimination. Although museums are prohibited from participating directly or indirectly with political campaigns, they are allowed to “engage in public advocacy not related to legislation or election of candidates.” So it is wrong to believe that museums cannot be political. Museums can be involved in political issues as long as the presentation is **nonpartisan. Museum collections can give substance to political issues and have the interpretive skills to present them in a well-researched and engaging manner. Museums are exactly where political issues should be discussed. Museums are inevitably affected by politics and are entitled to express their engagement in the issues of the day.
* reparation 배상
** nonpartisan 어느 당파도 지지하지 않는

박물관은 역사, 문화, 정치 등 다양한 사회적 현상 연구에 있어서 가장 중요한 기관이다.

박물관은 활발한 정치적 논의를 위해 선거에서 특정 정당에 대한 지지를 드러낼 수 있다.

박물관은 정치적 사안을 중립적인 입장에서 다룰 수 있으며, 정치적 논의에 적절한 장소이다.

박물관은 대중에게 올바른 정치 교육을 할 의무가 있으며, 국내보다는 세계 정치를 다뤄야 한다.

다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 빈칸에 들어가기에 가장 적절한 것은?
Biases associated with attributional tendencies vary across cultures. In individualistic cultures people often fall prey to the fundamental attribution error, the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal traits. However, in collectivistic cultures people emphasize situational causes of behavior to a greater extent than in individualistic cultures because they see behavior as more dynamic and driven by        factors. These attributional preferences have an intriguing consequence. They lead people from collectivistic cultures to expect positive behaviors from others to a greater degree than do people from individualistic cultures. This bias occurs because people in collectivistic cultures believe that situational factors are important determinants of behavior and the situational pressures that exist in most situations favor positive behaviors.

biological

physiological

contextual

random

다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
So what’s the source of this mysterious energy? The short answer: feeling good. Positive emotions are bound up with a set of four hormones - endorphins, serotonin, dopamine and oxytocin - which are often labelled as the ‘feel-good hormones’. All of them allow us to accomplish more. Endorphins are often released during physical activity, stress or pain and bring about feelings of happiness and diminished discomfort. Elevated levels of endorphins usually correlate with increased energy and motivation. Serotonin is connected to mood regulation, sleep, appetite and overall feelings of wellbeing; it underpins our sense of contentment and gives us the energy to tackle tasks efficiently. Dopamine, or the ‘reward’ hormone, is linked with motivation and pleasure and its release provides a satisfaction that allows us to focus for longer. And oxytocin, known as the ‘love’ hormone, is associated with social bonding, trust and relationship-building, which enhances our capacity to connect with others, boosts our mood and, in turn, impacts our productivity.

엔도르핀 수치의 감소는 보통 에너지 증진 및 동기 부여 증가와 연관이 있다.

세로토닌은 우리의 만족감을 뒷받침하고 업무를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 에너지를 제공한다.

도파민은 동기 및 쾌감과 관련이 있으며 만족감을 주어 우리가 더 길게 집중할 수 있도록 한다.

옥시토신은 사회적 유대감, 신뢰 및 관계 구축과 관련이 있어 다른 사람들과 잘 지낼 수 있는 능력을 강화하고 기분을 좋게 하며 생산성에 영향을 미친다.

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
What is undeniable is that even very small glaciers can store enormous amounts of water. A quick calculation taking a glacier as small as the size of an average football field and just a few meters thick, would provide a typical family of four with the total water consumption it needs for subsistence for the entire lives of all of the family members! That’s a lot of water. In a province such as San Juan, which is estimated to have more than 12,000 glaciers of all sizes and types, the amount of water stored in these mountain ice bodies is colossal. A single larger glacier such as the El Potro Glacier on the border between San Juan and La Rioja Provinces could provide the entire Argentine population with drinking water for more than a year.

The Beauty of Argentina’s Landscapes

Which Element in Water Creates Glaciers?

How Football Fields Inspire Environmental Awareness

The Hidden Power of Glaciers: Nature’s Massive Water Reservoirs

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
As speakers, we want to avoid fear, and the easiest way to avoid fear is by *mingling with our audience before we speak. Speaking is about the audience, which is why I believe getting to know our audience is crucial to becoming a great speaker. Mingling with the audience allows us to get to know these people and allows them to get to know us. Ask audience members why they are there, who they brought, how their day is going, and what they hope to take away from your speech. Get a funny or meaningful **anecdote from someone, and use that person’s name later in your speech. Using people’s names in your audience unexpectedly captures their attention and reminds your audience that they matter. Gathering fun facts from your audience also allows you to incorporate live content into your speech, which connects you to your audience. The mingle allows you to speak in real time, which makes you human and memorable.
* mingle (사람들과) 어울리다
** anecdote 일화

How to Be a Great Speaker: Memorize the Names of Your Audience

The Fear about Public Speaking: Don’t Worry, Everyone Feels the Same

The Power of Mingling: Connecting with Your Audience Before You Speak

Asking for Feedback: After-Speech Conversations Can Help You Speak Well

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Being one of the essential nutrients that the human body needs to survive, proteins are directly involved with the chemical processes that support life. Proteins help compose the *enzymes, hormones, and tissues that form our bodies and keep them running smoothly. Although in most people’s minds protein is associated with building muscles, proteins are important components of every single cell in the body. They are used daily to build and repair all types of tissues. While plants can **synthesize the amino acids that make up proteins, animals (including humans) must get those chemicals from food. Meat, fish, milk, and eggs are among the foods that are good sources of dietary protein. Sufficient protein intake is essential for a healthy body.
* enzyme 효소
** synthesize (물질을) 합성하다

Everyday Foods That Are High in Protein

Protein: A Key Nutrient for Life and Health

Essential Nutrients Needed to Make Up Proteins

Why Building Muscles is Important for Your Body

다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
I first met this strange bird, *Ptarmigan, while cross-country skiing with a ranger friend in Glacier National Park. The temperature was five degrees below zero and the wind was howling across the vast treeless flat. Both of us were bundled in heavy down coats, warm leather mittens and thick woolly **long johns. All around us the snowy world seemed a mighty deserted place. But suddenly, not more than a half dozen paces away, were six balls of puffed-up feathers. They were pure white, as white as the snow over which we traveled. It seemed a miracle that we had not passed them by. Perhaps the flutter of their wings as they scooted deeper into the snow attracted our attention or maybe it was the black of their eyes and beaks that contrasted so sharply with the endless snow. We wanted a better look and so we moved closer, trying not to startle them. But we need not have worried; fear was not part of their nature, and they only returned our stares as if to say, “Any creature out in this weather must be just another ptarmigan.”
* Ptarmigan 뇌조(雷鳥)
** long johns 내복

글쓴이가 뇌조를 만났을 때 기온은 영하였다.

글쓴이와 친구는 두꺼운 옷차림을 하고 있었다.

뇌조의 깃털은 흰색이었다.

글쓴이와 친구가 다가가자 뇌조는 놀라 날아갔다.

다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Simplicity is a *multifaceted concept that has captivated philosophers, artists, and designers for centuries. It is often described as the absence of clutter, ornamentation, or excess.  　(A)      , true simplicity is not merely about subtraction. It is about revealing the essential nature of something, stripping away the superficial and focusing on the core elements that make it meaningful. Simplicity is often associated with beauty. A simple design is often more aesthetically pleasing than a cluttered one. This is  　 (B)       simplicity allows the viewer to focus on the essential elements of the design, without being distracted by unnecessary details. Simplicity also has a calming effect on the mind. In a world that is often chaotic and overwhelming, simplicity can provide a sense of order and tranquility.
* multifaceted 다면적인

In other words / because

However / because

Therefore / why

Moreover / why

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
The other ten percent of brain cells are neurons, cells associated with learning.

Understanding the complexity of how the brain grows during adolescence requires knowledge about how the brain is structured. It is composed of two types of cells, neurons and *glial cells. Glial cells are the “glue” that binds cells together; they compose ninety percent of the cells in the brain. ( ① ) Neurons hold the secrets of the mind. ( ② ) They are the body’s communicators and constantly strike up conversations all over the brain. ( ③ ) They coordinate thoughts, ideas, and feelings at breakneck speeds. ( ④ ) You can practically hear the neurons roar and rumble in a teenager’s head as they fire, ignite, and spring into action!
* glial cells 교세포

①

②

③

④

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
There exists a growing global consensus on the need to arrange energy transitions ①to avoid the worst effects of climate change. As a result, significant efforts ②are being made around the world to transform our energy systems, and, as part of this process, to increase public awareness about various clean energy options. These efforts have resulted in increased understanding and acceptance of solar and wind energy technologies; leading to an increased energy literacy. Energy literacy is an understanding of the nature and role of energy in the world and daily lives ③accompanied by the ability to apply this understanding to answer questions and solve problems. While energy literacy fosters an individual and collective understanding of energy sources and systems, capturing society’s broader visions for how these energy systems can drive desirable social and political outcomes ④are an important aspect; a term known as Sociotechnical imaginaries (STI).

①

②

③

④

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
Before you can understand what’s wrong with your joints, you need to understand what a joint is and how it works. Any place in the body ① where two bones meet is called a joint such as the ball and socket hip joint, or the hinge joint at the elbow or knee. Sometimes the bones actually join together; your skull is an example of an area with ② fused bones. But in the joints ③ what can develop arthritis, the bones don’t actually touch. A small amount of space exists between the two bone ends. The space between the ends of the bones keeps them from grinding against each other and ④ wearing each other down.

①

②

③

④

다음 글의 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Richard Waxman believes that all people should have the chance to spend time with a pet. He started a group called “Paws and Hearts.” It is a volunteer organization that brings animals to nursing homes, hospitals and senior centers. Mr. Waxman says that each patient can become friends with a loving dog.  (A) , the patients feel calmer, and also have less physical pain. This is called “pet therapy,” and people love the animals’ visits.  (B) , Clara Wu lives at a nursing home in Palm Desert, California. “I just love when the volunteers bring the dogs to visit us,” Mrs. Wu says. “It brings back wonderful memories of other dogs I’ve owned.” Mr. Waxman agrees. “Pet therapy allows for a great connection between the past and the present that can be very powerful.”

Therefore / However

As a result / For example

Furthermore / Consequently

To sum up / In contrast

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?
Parenting is often described as one of the most complicated life challenges, and the complexity increases in the ①presence of child developmental and/or mental health conditions. In the field of child *psychiatry, parental psychoeducation–including guidance, support, and skill building–is an integral part of treatment that ②boosts both the child patient’s wellbeing and the quality of life of the family. Parents’ and caregivers’ access to ③accurate and up-to-date information regarding child development and mental health conditions can be critical in helping families optimize their use of mental health services as well as feel more confident in managing their child’s symptoms. Also, families would be able to make ④ignorant decisions about treatment strategies, which ultimately improve mental health outcomes in children.
* psychiatry 정신 의학

①

②

③

④

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 가장 관계 없는 문장은?
Chief among the factors influencing reading comprehension is background knowledge. ① Research clearly shows that how much readers understand about the text’s topic before they read it is a major factor in how much they understand while and after they read it. ② Reading speed can also improve when students practice decoding skills regularly. ③ This means that even skilled readers can struggle if they lack familiarity with the topic. ④ Unfortunately, much of the efforts directed toward improving reading comprehension have neglected building background knowledge.

①

②

③

④

다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 빈칸에 들어가기에 가장 적절한 것은?
AI is everywhere and affects everyone - from our social media feeds to the social benefits we receive. Thanks to technology, we receive the information we are most interested in. Administrative decisions can be made more efficiently. Vaccines can be developed faster than before. But as decisions become increasingly automated, it is vital that technology works for us and not against us - or against some of us. The risks are vast. Think about the now infamous case where hundreds of innocent families were falsely accused of having committed fraud and forced to return social benefits. Many of these families had an immigration background. This was a demonstration of what the use of a biased algorithm can ultimately lead to. This only underlines that technology needs to be regulated so that we can       .

harness its astonishing potential

prevent it from replacing human workers

avoid overdependence on digital devices

protect the interests of powerful corporations

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 가장 틀린 것은?
A circular economy keeps materials and products in circulation for as long as possible. The Save Our Seas 2.0 Act refers to an economy that uses a systems-focused approach and involves industrial processes and economic activities that are restorative or regenerative by design, ① enables resources used in such processes and activities to maintain their highest value for as long as possible, and ② aims for the elimination of waste through the superior design of materials, products, and systems (including business models). It is a change to the model ③ which resources are mined, made into products, and then become waste. A circular economy reduces material use, redesigns materials and products to be less resource intensive, and recaptures “waste” as a resource ④ to manufacture new materials and products.

①

②

③

④

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 가장 관계 없는 문장은?
The ocean and its inhabitants will be irreversibly affected by the impacts of global warming and climate change. Scientists say that global warming, by increasing seawater temperatures, will raise sea levels and change ocean currents. ① We use ocean currents when we navigate in search of new continents. ② The effects are already beginning to be felt. ③ Whole species of marine animals and fish are at risk due to the temperature rise; they simply cannot survive in the changed conditions. ④ For example, increased water temperatures are thought to be responsible for large areas of corals turning white (bleaching) and dying.

①

②

③

④

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Whether or not you like them fresh, in juice, or in jelly form shaped like a can, the cranberry is being hit by climate change on a few different fronts.

(A) These conditions are also less favorable to helpful insects like honeybees, which pollinate the plants but are more favorable for harmful insects that cause further fruit damage, reduce yields, and require pesticides to manage.
(B) Research from The University of Maine’s COOP Extension office back in 2016 suggested warmer and earlier springs were leading to earlier bud maturity, making plants more susceptible to normal, seasonal frost events.
(C) Then, surviving plants were subjected to warmer and prolonged summers, and something called “Berry Scalding” which reduces the fruit’s quality and leads to fruit rot.

(A) - (B) - (C)

(B) - (C) - (A)

(B) - (A) - (C)

(C) - (A) - (B)

평가에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
One purpose of assessment is to identify children who may be struggling to learn to read or, for younger children, identifying those who may be at risk of later reading difficulties. In both cases, specific teaching or intervention programs may then be introduced to either provide *remediation or help to prevent reading difficulties. There is some evidence that remediation is most successful when children are treated at a young age; if diagnosis of a difficulty occurs after several years of reading problems, treatment can be less effective. For adults with reading difficulties, assessment may primarily be used for support, rather than remediation, purposes. An assessment of reading might identify a specific reading difficulty, such as **dyslexia, which can lead to recommendations about the support needed in the workplace or learning environment.
* remediation 교정 치료
** dyslexia 난독증

평가를 통해 읽기에 어려움을 겪고 있거나, 훗날 어려움을 겪을 위험이 있는 아이들을 발견할 수 있다.

읽기에 어려움을 겪는 아이들을 위한 교정 치료는 아이들이 어릴 때 진행되어야 효과가 크다.

읽기에 어려움을 겪는 성인들의 경우, 평가는 교정 치료보다 지원을 위해 주로 사용된다.

읽기 평가를 통해 난독증과 같은 문제를 발견하더라도, 직장에서 필요한 지원에 대해 권고하기는 어렵다.

Diamond Head State Monument에 대한 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?
Diamond Head State Monument is one of Oahu’s most iconic landmarks, a distinctive silhouette on the Honolulu skyline. Known in Hawaiian as Lē‘ahi, its shape resembles the dorsal fin of a tuna, while its English name comes from the 19th century when British sailors mistook *calcite crystals on the crater’s slopes for diamonds. This ancient volcanic **tuff cone is a testament to Oahu’s volcanic origins, offering insights into the geological forces that shaped the Hawaiian Islands. Rising over 760 feet at its peak, Diamond Head Crater is a popular destination for hiking enthusiasts and those seeking panoramic views of the Pacific Ocean and Honolulu. The trail to the summit was originally built in 1908 as part of Oahu’s coastal defense system and now serves as a path for visitors to explore the crater’s interior and summit.
* calcite 방해석(탄산칼슘으로 이뤄진 흰색 또는 투명한 광물질)
** tuff cone 응회구

19세기 분화구 경사면에서 다이아몬드가 발견된 데서 이름이 유래하였다.

오아후의 화산 기원을 보여주는 증거이다.

분화구는 하이킹 애호가들과 태평양 및 호놀룰루의 파노라마 전망을 찾는 사람들에게 인기 있는 목적지이다.

정상까지 오르는 산책로는 원래 1908년에 오아후의 해안 방어 시스템의 일환으로 건설되었다.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
This growth led to the development of a major new industry: tourism.

Tourism as we know it today is distinctly a twentieth-century phenomenon. ( ① ) Historians suggest that the *advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and relatively inexpensive transportation. ( ② ) The creation of the commercial airline industry following World War II and the subsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signaled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. ( ③ ) In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments because it not only provided new employment opportunities, but it also produced a means of earning foreign exchange. ( ④ )
* advent 출현

①

②

③

④