[법원직 9급 영어] 10년 1회차
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제 전 회차를 한 권으로 — PDF 전자책(문제집·정답해설집)
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제

10년 1회차

총 25문항 · 객관식 · A4 약 1장

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법원직 9급 영어 기출문제모두CBT · moducbt.com

10년 1회차

총 25문항 · 객관식 · 정답·해설 포함
문제 1
새로운 오토바이의 특성 중의 하나가 아닌 것은?
Jetway's New Bike Hits the Mark!
Jetway's new 2010 Jetway MX200 is the fastest motorbike available and can be ridden by the widest range of riders, including those with a little experience. The new 2010 Jetway MX200 is available in four different color schemes. It also looks better than previous motorcycles from this company and appears to have a sleeker and more curvaceous look. Thanks to new fully adjustable suspension technology, the handling of each motorcycle can be individually adjusted to a rider's weight or the street environment. This can greatly improve a rider's ability to drive it. The onboard computer fan also automatically adjust speed, acceleration and braking forces in order to keep the bike's handling optimal. The tires designed for this bike are capable of performing well in all types of road conditions and prevent slipping better than any other bike available on the market.
1It is more fuel-efficient than other models.
2It handles very well on the road in all conditions.
3It is more attractive to riders than other models.
4It can be customized to each rider's preferences.
정답 및 해설

지문에 언급되지 않은 특성은 "more fuel-efficient"(연비가 더 좋다)이다.

지문은 속도, 색상, 외관, 서스펜션, 타이어 성능을 소개할 뿐 연료 효율에 관한 내용은 전혀 없다.

  • "handles very well on the road in all conditions": "capable of performing well in all types of road conditions"(모든 도로 조건에서 성능 발휘)와 일치한다.
  • "more attractive to riders": "looks better than previous motorcycles", "sleeker and more curvaceous look"(더 매끈하고 곡선미 있는 외관)과 일치한다.
  • "customized to each rider's preferences": "individually adjusted to a rider's weight or the street environment"(운전자 체중·도로 환경에 맞춰 개별 조정)과 일치한다.
문제 2
다음 밑줄 친 것 중 의미하는 바가 다른 것은?
When I was a boy, my father decided to build a basketball court for my brother and me. He made a cement driveway, put a backboard on the garage and was just getting ready to put up ①the basket when he was called away on an emergency. He promised to put up the hoop as soon as he returned. "No problem," I thought. "I have a brand-new basketball and ②a new cement driveway on which to dribble it." For a few minutes I bounced the ball on the cement. Soon that became boring, so I threw the ball up against the back board - once. I let the ball run off the court and didn't pick it up again until Dad returned to put up the rim. Why? It's no fun playing basketball without ③a goal. How true that is to life! The joy is in having ④something to aim for and strive for.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

가리키는 대상이 다른 것은 "a new cement driveway"(새 시멘트 진입로)이다.

나머지는 모두 공을 넣을 목표(골대)를 뜻한다. 진입로는 공을 튀기며 드리블하는 바닥일 뿐 목표가 아니다.

  • "the basket": 아버지가 달려던 골대(hoop, rim)를 가리킨다.
  • "a goal": 골대가 없으면 농구가 재미없다는 말로, 역시 골대를 뜻한다.
  • "something to aim for": 삶에서 겨냥할 목표로, 골대의 비유적 의미이다.
문제 3
밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것끼리 짝지은 것은?
If an expectant mother knew that dangerous creatures lurked around her, and knew also that she wouldn’t be around to take care of her young, she might be _________. And if she had a way to warn her young before they were born, surely she would. Human mothers cannot do this, to the best of our knowledge. But pregnant crickets, it appears, do have the ability to ________. This is especially useful since crickets abandon their young after birth.
1stressed - forewarn
2delighted - forewarn
3stressed - bear
4delighted - bear
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "stressed"(스트레스를 받는)와 "forewarn"(미리 경고하다)이 들어간다.

위험한 생물이 주변에 있는데 새끼를 돌볼 수 없다면 어미는 불안할 것이다. 뒤 문장 "had a way to warn her young before they were born"(태어나기 전에 새끼에게 경고할 방법)이 둘째 빈칸이 미리 경고하는 능력임을 알려 준다.

  • "delighted"(기뻐하는): 위험이 도사리는 상황과 맞지 않는다.
  • "bear"(낳다): 귀뚜라미가 새끼를 낳는 것은 특별한 능력이 아니며, 경고 능력이라는 문맥과 어긋난다.
문제 4
다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Scientists working in Central America have discovered ruins of one of the largest and most important palaces built by the ancient Mayan people at Cancun, Guatemala. It was built about 1,300 years ago. Jungle plants have covered the ruins for hundreds of years, and the area looks like a huge hill covered by jungle. The palace has 170 rooms built around 11 open areas. The discovery of the ruins will certainly increase historians' understanding of the political life of the Mayan people, who were at the height of power in Central America and Mexico more than one thousand years ago. Writings on the newly found palace walls say it was built by King Tah ak Chaan, who ruled Cancun for about fifty years beginning in the year 740 A.D.
1One of the largest and most important palaces was built about 1,300 years ago.
2The area looks like a huge hill covered by jungle.
3The palace was built by a Mayan king in the 7th century.
4The Mayan people was at the height of power in Central America and Mexico.
정답 및 해설

일치하지 않는 것은 "built by a Mayan king in the 7th century"(7세기에 마야 왕이 지었다)이다.

지문에 따르면 궁전을 지은 King Tah ak Chaan은 "beginning in the year 740 A.D."부터 통치했으므로 건축 시기는 7세기가 아니라 8세기이다.

  • "built about 1,300 years ago": "It was built about 1,300 years ago."와 일치한다.
  • "looks like a huge hill covered by jungle": "the area looks like a huge hill covered by jungle"과 일치한다.
  • "at the height of power in Central America and Mexico": "who were at the height of power in Central America and Mexico"와 일치한다.
문제 5
밑줄 친 단어의 쓰임이 어법상 바르지 않은 것은?
The ①35-year-old federal law regulating tap water is so out of date ②which the water Americans drink can pose what scientists say are serious health risks — and still be legal. Only 91 contaminants are regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act, yet more than 60,000 chemicals ③are used within the United States, according to Environmental Protection Agency estimates. Government and independent scientists have scrutinized thousands of ④those chemicals in recent decades, and identified hundreds associated with a risk of cancer and other diseases at small concentrations in drinking water, according to an analysis of government records by The NewYork Times.
135-year-old
2which
3are used
4those
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "which"로, "so ~ that"(너무 ~해서 …하다) 구문이므로 "that"으로 고쳐야 한다.

"so out of date that the water Americans drink can pose ..."는 "너무 낡아서 미국인이 마시는 물이 위험을 초래할 수 있다"는 결과절이다. 관계대명사 which는 선행사가 없어 쓸 수 없다.

  • "35-year-old": 명사 앞 복합형용사는 단수형 year를 하이픈으로 잇는다.
  • "are used": 주어 "more than 60,000 chemicals"가 복수이고 화학물질은 사용되는 대상이므로 복수 수동태가 맞다.
  • "those": 복수 명사 "chemicals"를 수식하는 지시형용사로 수가 일치한다.
문제 6
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?
If solar energy can be produced cheaply, it will benefit both the environment and the world's economies. At this time a major economic obstacle for poorer nations is the cost of electricity. It is impossible to run factories and communications systems without electric power. So when poor nations try to build up their economies, they are forced to use the cheapest fossil fuels available, and this can cause environmental and health problems. The prospect of cheap and clean solar electricity means that economic development around the world will not        . Some people think large-scale use of solar energy is a kind of fantasy, but many great inventions in history, including the airplane, seemed impossible initially.
1continue without any barrier
2guarantee eco-friendly policy
3create environmental disasters
4affect heating and cooling system
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "create environmental disasters"(환경 재앙을 일으키다)가 들어간다.

지금은 가난한 나라가 값싼 화석연료를 써서 "environmental and health problems"가 생기지만, 값싸고 깨끗한 태양광 전기가 있으면 경제 발전이 더는 환경 재앙을 낳지 않는다는 흐름이다.

  • "continue without any barrier"(장애 없이 계속되다): not과 결합하면 발전이 막힌다는 뜻이 되어 긍정적 전망과 반대이다.
  • "guarantee eco-friendly policy"(친환경 정책을 보장하다): not과 결합하면 태양광의 장점과 어긋난다.
  • "affect heating and cooling system"(냉난방 체계에 영향): 지문에 없는 내용이다.
문제 7
주어진 문장 다음으로 이어질 내용의 순서상 가장 알맞은 것은?
Defying the Odds at Craig's Records
Craig's Records has experienced remarkable growth over the last few years, having opened an additional ten stores across the country in the last five years. When Craig Milligan, the owner of the chain was asked what the secret of his success was,
(A) From the beginning, he wanted to restore the feeling of a neighborhood record store where people could enjoy spending countless hours.
(B) he responded that it was probably the atmosphere of the store.
(C) That was why when he expanded nationwide he kept the same design at every new location.
A tiny store where the staff could get to know all the customers and their music preferences. The formula seems to have paid off for him as profits have increased 45% this year alone.
1A-B-C
2A-C-B
3B-C-A
4B-A-C
정답 및 해설

바른 순서는 (B) - (A) - (C)이다.

주어진 문장이 "was asked what the secret of his success was,"로 끝나므로 "he responded that ..."로 답하는 (B)가 바로 이어진다. (A)가 매장 분위기를 동네 레코드점의 느낌으로 구체화하고, (C)의 "That was why"가 그 의도 때문에 모든 매장에 같은 디자인을 유지했다고 잇는다.

  • (A)로 시작하는 배열: 질문 직후 응답 동사 없이 "he wanted to restore ..."가 나오면 문장이 성립하지 않는다.
  • (B) - (C) - (A): "That was why"가 가리킬 이유(동네 레코드점 분위기 재현)가 앞에 없다.
문제 8
(A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The tsunami of December 2004 resulted in a severe loss of life and property along coastal Tamil Nadu in southern India. For 15 years now, residents of that district have been trying to persuade coastal communities not to destroy the mangrove forests along the coast. But the coastal people's preoccupation with their livelihood did not allow them to (A)〔ignore / heed〕that request. The tsunami miraculously changed their outlook. Villages (B)〔adjoining / conjoining〕 thick mangrove forests were saved from the fury of the tsunami because of the wave breaking role played by the mangroves. But in nearby villages, where mangroves had been (C)〔conserved / destroyed〕either for fuel wood or to create fish ponds, several hundred fishermen died.

(A) (B) (C)
1ignore adjoining conserved
2heed adjoining destroyed
3heed conjoining conserved
4ignore conjoining destroyed
정답 및 해설

문맥에 맞는 낱말은 heed - adjoining - destroyed이다.

(A) 생계에 몰두해 맹그로브를 보호하라는 요청을 "heed"(따르다)하지 못했다. (B) 맹그로브 숲에 "adjoining"(인접한) 마을은 쓰나미에서 살아남았다. (C) 땔감·양어장 때문에 맹그로브가 "destroyed"(파괴된) 마을에서는 어부가 많이 죽었다.

  • "ignore"(무시하다): 생계 걱정 때문에 무시하지 못했다는 것은 논리가 뒤집힌다.
  • "conjoining"(결합하는): 숲 옆에 붙어 있다는 위치 관계를 나타내지 못한다.
  • "conserved"(보존된): 보존된 곳에서 사람이 많이 죽었다는 것은 대조 흐름과 반대이다.
문제 9
빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. Bernouilli's principle also tells us why windows tend to explode, rather than implode in hurricanes: the very high speed of the air just outside the window causes the pressure just outside to be much less than the pressure inside, where the air is still. The difference in force pushes the windows ___________, and hence explode. If you know that a hurricane is coming it is therefore better to open as many windows as possible, to equalize the pressure inside and out.
1itself
2bottom
3inward
4outward
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "outward"(바깥쪽으로)가 들어간다.

창밖은 공기가 빨라 압력이 낮고 안쪽은 압력이 높으므로, 압력 차가 창문을 바깥으로 밀어 "explode"(밖으로 터지다)하게 된다.

  • "inward"(안쪽으로): 안으로 터지는 "implode"에 해당하여 "rather than implode"와 모순된다.
  • "itself", "bottom": 힘의 방향을 나타내지 못해 "and hence explode"와 이어지지 않는다.
문제 10
When will the court order be removed?
CLOSED BY COURT ORDER
This building has been closed and sealed by the Sheriff pursuant to an Order issued by Judge B. R. O'Reilly, 3rd District Magistrate's Court, and many not be entered into, demolished or materially altered in any manner. Violation may result in severe criminal penalties including fine and imprisonment.
This order shall stand and be effective until removed by Order of the same Court. Such a removal Order will be issued only upon presentation to the Court of Proof of Payment of the amount of Seven Thousand Three Hundred and Twenty Four Dollars ($7,324) in property tax arrears by the deeded owner of the property, Peter Paltram Holdings Inc., or its representative.
In the event that such payment is not made within Ninety (90) days of the posting of this Order, the property may be seized by the City of Hamston and sold at auction with any proceeds in excess of the stated tax arrears (plus any costs of sale) being remitted to the deeded owner.
1In ninety days
2When the taxes have been paid
3After sale costs have been paid
4After the building owner is fined
정답 및 해설

법원 명령은 "When the taxes have been paid"(세금이 납부되었을 때) 해제된다.

해제 명령은 소유주가 체납 재산세를 낸 "Proof of Payment"(납부 증명)를 법원에 제출해야만 발부된다고 되어 있다.

  • "In ninety days": 90일은 미납 시 시가 압류·경매할 수 있는 기한이지 해제 시점이 아니다.
  • "After sale costs have been paid": 매각 비용은 경매 후 잉여금을 정산할 때 공제하는 항목이다.
  • "After the building owner is fined": 벌금은 명령 위반 시의 처벌일 뿐 해제 조건이 아니다.
문제 11
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?
Everyday life in the British colonies of North America may now seem to have been glamorous, especially as reflected in antique shops. But judged by modern standards, it was quite a(n)        . For most people, the labor was heavy and constant from daybreak to nightfall. Basic comforts now taken for granted were lacking. Public buildings were often not heated at all. Drafty homes were heated only by inefficient fireplaces. There was no running water or indoor plumbing. The flickering light of candles and whale oil lamps provided inadequate illumination. There was no sanitation service to dispose of garbage; instead, long-snouted hogs were allowed to roam the streets, consuming refuse.
* long-snouted 긴 주둥이가 달린
1outdated style
2ingenious living
3perfect way of life
4miserable existence
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "miserable existence"(비참한 생활)가 들어간다.

"But judged by modern standards" 뒤로 고된 노동, 난방 부족, 수도·조명 부재, 쓰레기를 먹는 돼지 등 열악한 생활상이 나열되므로 비참한 삶이 알맞다.

  • "outdated style"(구식 양식): 생활의 고통이라는 핵심을 담지 못한다.
  • "ingenious living"(독창적인 생활): 불편함을 나열한 내용과 반대이다.
  • "perfect way of life"(완벽한 생활 방식): "glamorous"와 대조된다는 But의 흐름과 맞지 않는다.
문제 12
밑줄친 부분에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 말은?
Mount Everest are legendary. Massive snow and ice avalanches are a constant threat to all expeditions, sometimes burying valleys, glaciers, and climbing routes. Hurricane-force winds are a well-known hazard on Everest, and many people have been killed when their tents were ripped to shreds by the gales. _________, the dramatic loss of body heat, is also a major and debilitating problem in this region of high winds and low temperatures.
1Hypothermia
2Hyperthermia
3Hypertrophy
4Nervous breakdown
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "Hypothermia"(저체온증)가 들어간다.

동격 표현 "the dramatic loss of body heat"(급격한 체열 손실)와 강풍·저온 환경이 저체온증을 가리킨다.

  • "Hyperthermia"(고체온증): 체온이 지나치게 오르는 상태로 반대 개념이다.
  • "Hypertrophy"(비대): 조직이나 기관이 커지는 것으로 체열과 무관하다.
  • "Nervous breakdown"(신경쇠약): 정신적 붕괴로 체열 손실을 뜻하지 않는다.
문제 13
밑줄친 (A), (B)부분에 알맞은 말은 어느 것인가?
Asahi Breweries canceled its plan to sell beer in plastic bottles, following objections from environmental groups. Asahi had planned to launch Japan's first plastic beer container as part its strategy to promote the drink for younger consumers (A)______ value convenience and style. However, Greenpeace Japan led a campaign against the plan claiming that the introduction of plastic bottles would create waste disposal problems. Greenpeace said that the beer industry should stick to existing glass bottles, (B)___________ a recycling system exists.
1which - for which
2what - in which
3who - in which
4who - for which
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "who - for which"가 들어간다.

(A)는 사람 선행사 "younger consumers"를 받아 동사 "value"의 주어가 되는 주격 관계대명사 who이다. (B)는 "a recycling system exists for glass bottles"(유리병을 위한 재활용 체계가 있다)에서 전치사가 앞으로 나온 전치사 + 관계대명사 구조이다.

  • "which": 사람 선행사에는 쓰지 않는다.
  • "what": 선행사를 포함하므로 선행사 뒤에 올 수 없다.
  • "in which": "a recycling system exists in glass bottles"(유리병 안에 체계가 있다)는 의미가 어색하다.
문제 14
밑줄친 곳에 들어갈 말로 가장 알맞은 것은?
As more women gain the work experience and education necessary to qualify for leadership positions, the supply of capable women leaders grows. Organizations are subsequently called on to reestablish and expand their notions of what constitutes effective leadership as it relates to gender stereotype, and role expectations. If traditional perspectives of leadership center on masculine-oriented concepts of authoritarian and task-oriented behavior, then these same perspectives may contribute to a '__________________' prohibiting relationship-oriented (i.e. feminine) leadership behaviors from integrated into organization management structures.
1task-oriented leadership
2glass ceiling
3high-speed growth
4feminine behavior
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "glass ceiling"(유리 천장)이 들어간다.

남성적 리더십 관점이 관계지향적(여성적) 리더십이 조직 경영에 통합되는 것을 "prohibiting"(가로막는) 보이지 않는 장벽 역할을 한다는 내용이다.

  • "task-oriented leadership": 장벽을 만드는 기존 관점 자체이지 장벽의 이름이 아니다.
  • "high-speed growth"(고속 성장): 가로막는다는 의미와 무관하다.
  • "feminine behavior": 가로막히는 대상이므로 장벽이 될 수 없다.
문제 15
다음 밑줄 친 단어의 사용이 어색한 것은?
The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the "gentleman's C," when students ①journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, ②sampling a wide variety of courses that would send them out as liberally ③educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds ④exhaust me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I don't know if they are getting As or Cs, and I don't care.
1journeyed
2sampling
3educated
4exhaust
정답 및 해설

쓰임이 어색한 것은 "exhaust"(지치게 하다)이다.

바로 뒤 "I like to hear the play of their ideas."(그들의 생각이 오가는 것을 듣기 좋아한다)로 보아 탐구심 있는 학생들이 필자를 즐겁게 한다는 뜻의 "delight", "stimulate" 등이 와야 한다.

  • "journeyed": 여유롭게 대학 생활을 "거쳐 갔다"는 의미로 자연스럽다.
  • "sampling": 다양한 강좌를 "맛보며" 들었다는 의미로 자연스럽다.
  • "educated": "liberally educated men and women"(폭넓게 교육받은 사람들)으로 자연스럽다.
문제 16
다음 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
But nothing seems to work.

Korean police have a very hard time trying to control the situation.　( ① )　 They've tried everything from policemen dummies to hidden cameras to crackdowns. ( ② )　Drivers soon figure out where the dummies are and then just ignore them. ( ③ )　They memorize where the cameras are hidden, so they slow down before they get to them and speed up again as soon as they pass.　( ④ )
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 "They've tried everything ..." 뒤, "Drivers soon figure out ..." 앞에 들어간다.

모형 경찰·몰래카메라·단속 등 모든 방법을 시도했다고 한 뒤 "But nothing seems to work."(그러나 아무것도 효과가 없다)로 전환하고, 이어지는 문장들이 실패 이유를 구체적으로 보여 준다.

  • "Korean police have a very hard time ..." 뒤: 아직 시도한 방법이 제시되지 않아 But의 대비가 성립하지 않는다.
  • "Drivers soon figure out ..." 뒤나 글의 끝: 모형과 카메라를 피하는 구체적 설명 사이를 끊거나 결론이 늦게 나와 흐름이 어색하다.
문제 17
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Government authorities in the United States have no control over what is published. The freedom has allowed the development of a fiercely independent and diverse communications industry. One result is the press exerts more influence in the United States than any other country. Often this influence is a force for reform, uncovering shortcomings in society and providing information that people in powerful positions are sometimes reluctant to divulge. Anyone who does not want his article to get censored must then start his or her own newspaper. ①Many people argue that censoring is unconstitutional and an infringement on the right of press. ②Another result, however, is a tendency to ignore, as much as possible, the occasional errors, excesses and lapses in fairness by the press itself. ③For many decades attacks on specific flaws were regarded as undermining the basic freedom of the press - particularly when the attacks came from outside. ④Inside, the general practice was silence.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

흐름과 관계없는 문장은 "Many people argue that censoring is unconstitutional ..."(검열은 위헌이라는 주장)이다.

글은 언론 자유의 결과로 영향력이 커졌다는 점(One result)과 언론 자신의 잘못을 외면하는 경향(Another result)을 다룬다. 검열의 위헌성 주장은 이 두 결과의 흐름에서 벗어난다.

  • "Another result, however, is a tendency to ignore ...": 앞의 "One result"에 대응하는 두 번째 결과로 흐름에 맞다.
  • "For many decades attacks on specific flaws ...": 언론의 결함 지적이 자유 침해로 여겨졌다는 부연이다.
  • "Inside, the general practice was silence.": 외부 비판과 대비해 내부는 침묵했다는 마무리이다.
문제 18
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Many birds pursue prey by swimming under water, but none is so superbly adapted to the task as the penguins. (A) The entire anatomy of the penguin wing has been modified so that it is a stiff, oar-like flipper like that of a dolphin. (B) Awkward on land, penguins use their wings for underwater propulsion as efficiently as other birds use wings for flying. (C) Although all birds share a generally similar body plan, they vary greatly in size and proportions, being adapted to so many ways of life. (D) Most other underwater swimmers - such as loons, cormorants and some ducks - are propelled by their powerful feet, although some use their wings for balance.
1(A)
2(B)
3(C)
4(D)
정답 및 해설

흐름과 관계없는 문장은 "Although all birds share a generally similar body plan ..."(모든 새는 체형이 비슷하지만 크기·비율이 다양하다)이다.

글은 펭귄의 수중 유영 적응을 다루는데, 이 문장은 새 전반의 체형 다양성을 말해 주제에서 벗어난다.

  • "The entire anatomy of the penguin wing has been modified ...": 펭귄 날개가 노 같은 지느러미로 변형되었다는 핵심 근거이다.
  • "Awkward on land, penguins use their wings for underwater propulsion ...": 날개를 수중 추진에 쓴다는 설명이다.
  • "Most other underwater swimmers ... are propelled by their powerful feet ...": 발로 헤엄치는 다른 새와 대비해 펭귄의 특수성을 부각한다.
문제 19
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
We are now beginning to realize that the great age of expansion of man over the face of this planet is rapidly drawing to a close. There are no great open spaces any more and we are forced to recognize the very limited nature of the earth's resources. The geological capital in the shape of fuel and minerals which has made our present achievements possible will have been exhausted and is unlikely to be renewed. Man's voyages to the moon, and later no doubt to other planets, are not likely to open up any new resources, simply because of the enormous energy requirement for transportation. The whole space enterprise is more likely to be resource using than resource-finding. It will eventually bring us face to face with the realization that the earth is all we have, and that this precious beautiful, blue-green planet must be cherished and preserved if we are to continue to inhabit it.
1necessity of developing universe
2necessity of preserving Earth
3limitation of human history
4energy of developing civilizaiton
정답 및 해설

글의 주제는 "necessity of preserving Earth"(지구 보존의 필요성)이다.

자원의 한계와 우주 개발의 비효율을 지적한 뒤 "this precious beautiful, blue-green planet must be cherished and preserved"로 결론짓는다.

  • "necessity of developing universe": 우주 개발은 "resource using"(자원 소모적)이라고 부정적으로 본다.
  • "limitation of human history": 역사의 한계가 아니라 지구 자원의 한계를 다룬다.
  • "energy of developing civilizaiton": 에너지는 수송 비용의 근거로만 언급된다.
문제 20
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Exhausted from studying for final exams, he returned one December day to his rented, off―campus room and fell into a deep sleep.

(A) An incredibly heavy weight compressed his rib cage. Breathing became difficult, and he felt a pair of hands encircle his neck and start to squeeze.
(B) An hour later, he awoke with a start to the sound of the bedroom door creaking open―the same door he had locked before going to bed. He then heard footsteps moving toward his bed and felt an evil presence.
(C) It gripped the young man, who couldn't move a muscle, his eyes wide open. Without warning, the evil entity, whatever it was, jumped onto his chest.
1(A) - (B) - (C)
2(A) - (C) - (B)
3(B) - (C) - (A)
4(C) - (A) - (B)
정답 및 해설

바른 순서는 (B) - (C) - (A)이다.

잠든 뒤 (B) "An hour later, he awoke"로 문이 열리고 "an evil presence"를 느낀다. (C)의 "It"이 그 존재를 받아 그를 사로잡고 가슴 위로 뛰어오르며, (A)에서 갈비뼈가 짓눌리고 목이 졸린다.

  • (A)로 시작하는 배열: 잠든 직후 이유 없이 무게에 눌리는 장면이 나와 사건의 발단이 빠진다.
  • (C)로 시작하는 배열: "It"이 가리킬 "an evil presence"가 앞에 없다.
문제 21
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Obesity has a strong genetic component, and this plays an important role in explaining why a given individual is obese. But genetic characteristics in the population change very slowly, and so they clearly cannot explain why obesity has increased so rapidly in recent decades. Researchers have instead sought to explain obesity by looking at technological changes, changes in consumer habits, and changes in the social environment. Economists have taken the lead in these efforts. According to them, technological advances in agriculture have caused grocery prices to fall, and these declines have caused consumers to demand more groceries. The increase of food consumption has contributed to a surge in caloric intake that can account for as much as 40 percent of the increase in the body mass index of adults since 1980.
1reasons for recent rapid growth in obesity
2worldwide efforts to reduce caloric intake
3risks overweight people might struggle with
4the main culprit of increased food consumption
정답 및 해설

글의 주제는 "reasons for recent rapid growth in obesity"(최근 비만 급증의 원인)이다.

유전으로는 "why obesity has increased so rapidly in recent decades"를 설명할 수 없다고 한 뒤, 농업 기술 발전 → 식료품 가격 하락 → 소비 증가 → 열량 섭취 증가라는 경제학적 원인을 제시한다.

  • "worldwide efforts to reduce caloric intake": 열량 섭취를 줄이려는 노력은 언급되지 않는다.
  • "risks overweight people might struggle with": 비만의 위험이 아니라 원인을 다룬다.
  • "the main culprit of increased food consumption": 식품 소비 증가는 비만 원인 설명의 한 고리일 뿐 글 전체의 주제가 아니다.
문제 22
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
However, people growing up in different cultures have very different ideas about what is natural and very different assumptions about human nature.

We tend to feel that the way we do things, say things, and think about things is only logical. ( ① ) The level of aggression that seems appropriate, and ways of expressing agreement or disagreement, come to seem natural. ( ② ) Observing how people in other cultures deal with conflict, disagreement, and aggression can give new perspectives in our attempts to manage conflict and use opposition in positive rather than negative ways. ( ③ ) Such a newly-acquired view suggests possibilities - for example, of how similar ends can be achieved with different means. ( ④ )
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 "... come to seem natural." 뒤, "Observing how people in other cultures ..." 앞에 들어간다.

우리 방식이 논리적·자연스럽게 느껴진다는 내용 뒤에 "However"로 문화마다 자연스러움의 기준이 다르다고 전환해야, 다른 문화를 관찰하라는 다음 문장으로 이어진다.

  • "... is only logical." 뒤: 자연스럽게 느껴지는 공격성·의사표현 방식을 설명하는 문장이 아직 남아 있어 However가 흐름을 끊는다.
  • "... use opposition in positive rather than negative ways." 뒤나 글의 끝: 이미 다른 문화 관찰의 이점을 논한 뒤라 문화 차이의 도입이 늦다.
문제 23
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
Yet even the most superficial look into history shakes such an opinion.

The price of art attracts more public attention than any other commodity - except perhaps oil. ( ① ) The ups and downs of the price are debated by those both inside and outside the business. ( ② ) An exceptionally high price attracts wide media coverage together with a public response that ranges from outrage and ridicule to admiration. ( ③ ) The orthodox view is that this situation is not only new but bad and that art is not subject to financial speculators. ( ④ ) Holland, a rich and powerful imperial nation in the seventeenth century, traded and speculated in art. A historian records that it was quite usual to find Dutch farmers paying the equivalent of up to ￡3,000 for painting and then reselling them at 'very great gains'.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 "The orthodox view is that this situation is not only new but bad ..." 뒤, "Holland, ..." 앞에 들어간다.

미술품 투기가 새롭다는 통념("such an opinion")을 제시한 직후 역사를 조금만 봐도 그 견해가 흔들린다고 반박하고, 17세기 네덜란드의 미술품 투기 사례가 근거로 이어진다.

  • "... except perhaps oil." 뒤: "such an opinion"이 가리킬 견해가 아직 없다.
  • "The ups and downs of the price are debated ..." 뒤: 가격 논쟁 서술 중이라 반박할 견해가 제시되지 않았다.
  • "An exceptionally high price attracts wide media coverage ..." 뒤: 대중 반응 묘사일 뿐 역사로 반박할 통념이 아직 없다.
문제 24
다음 글을 쓴 목적은 무엇인가?
In the past few decades, biochemistry has come a long way towards explaining how the cell produces all its various proteins. But as to the breaking down of proteins, not so many researchers were interested. Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose went against the stream and at the beginning of the 1980s discovered one of the cell's most important cyclical processes-regulated protein degradation. For going against the tide with their bold research, they were rewarded with this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The work of the three laureates has brought us to realize that the cell functions as a highly-efficient checking station where proteins are built up and broken down at a furious rate.
1어떻게 단백질이 분해되는지를 설명하기 위해
2세포가 어떻게 다양한 단백질을 생산해 내는지 설명하기 위해
3생화학에서 시류를 따르지 않았던 비주류 연구자들의 업적을 설명하기 위해
4노벨물리학상 수상자들의 연구로 노벨상이 더욱 빛이 남을 알리기 위하여
정답 및 해설

글의 목적은 생화학에서 시류를 따르지 않았던 연구자들의 업적을 설명하는 것이다.

단백질 분해에 관심이 적던 시기에 세 학자가 "went against the stream"(시류를 거슬러) 단백질 분해 과정을 발견해 노벨화학상을 받았다는 내용이다.

  • 단백질 분해 방식 설명: 분해 과정의 원리보다 연구자들의 업적 소개에 초점이 있다.
  • 세포의 다양한 단백질 생산 방식 설명: 도입부의 배경일 뿐이며 글은 분해 연구를 다룬다.
  • 노벨물리학상 수상자 소개: 지문은 "Nobel Prize in Chemistry"(노벨화학상)라고 명시한다.
문제 25
밑줄 친 단어의 쓰임이 어법상 바르지 않은 것은?
On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese submarines and carrier planes ①launched an attack of the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor. Two hundred American ②aircrafts were destroyed, eight ③battleships were sunk, and approximately eight thousand naval and military personnel were killed or wounded. This savage attack and ④its horrifying consequences propelled the United States into World War II.
1launched
2aircrafts
3battleships
4its
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "aircrafts"로, aircraft는 단수·복수 형태가 같은 명사이므로 "Two hundred American aircraft"로 써야 한다.

aircraft는 복수를 뜻해도 -s를 붙이지 않는다(sheep, deer와 같은 단복동형).

  • "launched": 1941년 과거 사건이므로 과거 시제가 맞다.
  • "battleships": 가산명사 battleship의 복수형으로 "eight"과 일치한다.
  • "its": 단수 주어 "This savage attack"을 가리키는 소유격으로 수가 일치한다.
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제모두CBT · moducbt.com
10년 1회차
총 25문항 · 객관식 · 정답·해설 포함
문제 1
새로운 오토바이의 특성 중의 하나가 아닌 것은?
Jetway's New Bike Hits the Mark!
Jetway's new 2010 Jetway MX200 is the fastest motorbike available and can be ridden by the widest range of riders, including those with a little experience. The new 2010 Jetway MX200 is available in four different color schemes. It also looks better than previous motorcycles from this company and appears to have a sleeker and more curvaceous look. Thanks to new fully adjustable suspension technology, the handling of each motorcycle can be individually adjusted to a rider's weight or the street environment. This can greatly improve a rider's ability to drive it. The onboard computer fan also automatically adjust speed, acceleration and braking forces in order to keep the bike's handling optimal. The tires designed for this bike are capable of performing well in all types of road conditions and prevent slipping better than any other bike available on the market.
1It is more fuel-efficient than other models.
2It handles very well on the road in all conditions.
3It is more attractive to riders than other models.
4It can be customized to each rider's preferences.
정답 및 해설

지문에 언급되지 않은 특성은 "more fuel-efficient"(연비가 더 좋다)이다.

지문은 속도, 색상, 외관, 서스펜션, 타이어 성능을 소개할 뿐 연료 효율에 관한 내용은 전혀 없다.

  • "handles very well on the road in all conditions": "capable of performing well in all types of road conditions"(모든 도로 조건에서 성능 발휘)와 일치한다.
  • "more attractive to riders": "looks better than previous motorcycles", "sleeker and more curvaceous look"(더 매끈하고 곡선미 있는 외관)과 일치한다.
  • "customized to each rider's preferences": "individually adjusted to a rider's weight or the street environment"(운전자 체중·도로 환경에 맞춰 개별 조정)과 일치한다.
문제 2
다음 밑줄 친 것 중 의미하는 바가 다른 것은?
When I was a boy, my father decided to build a basketball court for my brother and me. He made a cement driveway, put a backboard on the garage and was just getting ready to put up ①the basket when he was called away on an emergency. He promised to put up the hoop as soon as he returned. "No problem," I thought. "I have a brand-new basketball and ②a new cement driveway on which to dribble it." For a few minutes I bounced the ball on the cement. Soon that became boring, so I threw the ball up against the back board - once. I let the ball run off the court and didn't pick it up again until Dad returned to put up the rim. Why? It's no fun playing basketball without ③a goal. How true that is to life! The joy is in having ④something to aim for and strive for.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

가리키는 대상이 다른 것은 "a new cement driveway"(새 시멘트 진입로)이다.

나머지는 모두 공을 넣을 목표(골대)를 뜻한다. 진입로는 공을 튀기며 드리블하는 바닥일 뿐 목표가 아니다.

  • "the basket": 아버지가 달려던 골대(hoop, rim)를 가리킨다.
  • "a goal": 골대가 없으면 농구가 재미없다는 말로, 역시 골대를 뜻한다.
  • "something to aim for": 삶에서 겨냥할 목표로, 골대의 비유적 의미이다.
문제 3
밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것끼리 짝지은 것은?
If an expectant mother knew that dangerous creatures lurked around her, and knew also that she wouldn’t be around to take care of her young, she might be _________. And if she had a way to warn her young before they were born, surely she would. Human mothers cannot do this, to the best of our knowledge. But pregnant crickets, it appears, do have the ability to ________. This is especially useful since crickets abandon their young after birth.
1stressed - forewarn
2delighted - forewarn
3stressed - bear
4delighted - bear
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "stressed"(스트레스를 받는)와 "forewarn"(미리 경고하다)이 들어간다.

위험한 생물이 주변에 있는데 새끼를 돌볼 수 없다면 어미는 불안할 것이다. 뒤 문장 "had a way to warn her young before they were born"(태어나기 전에 새끼에게 경고할 방법)이 둘째 빈칸이 미리 경고하는 능력임을 알려 준다.

  • "delighted"(기뻐하는): 위험이 도사리는 상황과 맞지 않는다.
  • "bear"(낳다): 귀뚜라미가 새끼를 낳는 것은 특별한 능력이 아니며, 경고 능력이라는 문맥과 어긋난다.
문제 4
다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Scientists working in Central America have discovered ruins of one of the largest and most important palaces built by the ancient Mayan people at Cancun, Guatemala. It was built about 1,300 years ago. Jungle plants have covered the ruins for hundreds of years, and the area looks like a huge hill covered by jungle. The palace has 170 rooms built around 11 open areas. The discovery of the ruins will certainly increase historians' understanding of the political life of the Mayan people, who were at the height of power in Central America and Mexico more than one thousand years ago. Writings on the newly found palace walls say it was built by King Tah ak Chaan, who ruled Cancun for about fifty years beginning in the year 740 A.D.
1One of the largest and most important palaces was built about 1,300 years ago.
2The area looks like a huge hill covered by jungle.
3The palace was built by a Mayan king in the 7th century.
4The Mayan people was at the height of power in Central America and Mexico.
정답 및 해설

일치하지 않는 것은 "built by a Mayan king in the 7th century"(7세기에 마야 왕이 지었다)이다.

지문에 따르면 궁전을 지은 King Tah ak Chaan은 "beginning in the year 740 A.D."부터 통치했으므로 건축 시기는 7세기가 아니라 8세기이다.

  • "built about 1,300 years ago": "It was built about 1,300 years ago."와 일치한다.
  • "looks like a huge hill covered by jungle": "the area looks like a huge hill covered by jungle"과 일치한다.
  • "at the height of power in Central America and Mexico": "who were at the height of power in Central America and Mexico"와 일치한다.
문제 5
밑줄 친 단어의 쓰임이 어법상 바르지 않은 것은?
The ①35-year-old federal law regulating tap water is so out of date ②which the water Americans drink can pose what scientists say are serious health risks — and still be legal. Only 91 contaminants are regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act, yet more than 60,000 chemicals ③are used within the United States, according to Environmental Protection Agency estimates. Government and independent scientists have scrutinized thousands of ④those chemicals in recent decades, and identified hundreds associated with a risk of cancer and other diseases at small concentrations in drinking water, according to an analysis of government records by The NewYork Times.
135-year-old
2which
3are used
4those
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "which"로, "so ~ that"(너무 ~해서 …하다) 구문이므로 "that"으로 고쳐야 한다.

"so out of date that the water Americans drink can pose ..."는 "너무 낡아서 미국인이 마시는 물이 위험을 초래할 수 있다"는 결과절이다. 관계대명사 which는 선행사가 없어 쓸 수 없다.

  • "35-year-old": 명사 앞 복합형용사는 단수형 year를 하이픈으로 잇는다.
  • "are used": 주어 "more than 60,000 chemicals"가 복수이고 화학물질은 사용되는 대상이므로 복수 수동태가 맞다.
  • "those": 복수 명사 "chemicals"를 수식하는 지시형용사로 수가 일치한다.
문제 6
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?
If solar energy can be produced cheaply, it will benefit both the environment and the world's economies. At this time a major economic obstacle for poorer nations is the cost of electricity. It is impossible to run factories and communications systems without electric power. So when poor nations try to build up their economies, they are forced to use the cheapest fossil fuels available, and this can cause environmental and health problems. The prospect of cheap and clean solar electricity means that economic development around the world will not        . Some people think large-scale use of solar energy is a kind of fantasy, but many great inventions in history, including the airplane, seemed impossible initially.
1continue without any barrier
2guarantee eco-friendly policy
3create environmental disasters
4affect heating and cooling system
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "create environmental disasters"(환경 재앙을 일으키다)가 들어간다.

지금은 가난한 나라가 값싼 화석연료를 써서 "environmental and health problems"가 생기지만, 값싸고 깨끗한 태양광 전기가 있으면 경제 발전이 더는 환경 재앙을 낳지 않는다는 흐름이다.

  • "continue without any barrier"(장애 없이 계속되다): not과 결합하면 발전이 막힌다는 뜻이 되어 긍정적 전망과 반대이다.
  • "guarantee eco-friendly policy"(친환경 정책을 보장하다): not과 결합하면 태양광의 장점과 어긋난다.
  • "affect heating and cooling system"(냉난방 체계에 영향): 지문에 없는 내용이다.
문제 7
주어진 문장 다음으로 이어질 내용의 순서상 가장 알맞은 것은?
Defying the Odds at Craig's Records
Craig's Records has experienced remarkable growth over the last few years, having opened an additional ten stores across the country in the last five years. When Craig Milligan, the owner of the chain was asked what the secret of his success was,
(A) From the beginning, he wanted to restore the feeling of a neighborhood record store where people could enjoy spending countless hours.
(B) he responded that it was probably the atmosphere of the store.
(C) That was why when he expanded nationwide he kept the same design at every new location.
A tiny store where the staff could get to know all the customers and their music preferences. The formula seems to have paid off for him as profits have increased 45% this year alone.
1A-B-C
2A-C-B
3B-C-A
4B-A-C
정답 및 해설

바른 순서는 (B) - (A) - (C)이다.

주어진 문장이 "was asked what the secret of his success was,"로 끝나므로 "he responded that ..."로 답하는 (B)가 바로 이어진다. (A)가 매장 분위기를 동네 레코드점의 느낌으로 구체화하고, (C)의 "That was why"가 그 의도 때문에 모든 매장에 같은 디자인을 유지했다고 잇는다.

  • (A)로 시작하는 배열: 질문 직후 응답 동사 없이 "he wanted to restore ..."가 나오면 문장이 성립하지 않는다.
  • (B) - (C) - (A): "That was why"가 가리킬 이유(동네 레코드점 분위기 재현)가 앞에 없다.
문제 8
(A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The tsunami of December 2004 resulted in a severe loss of life and property along coastal Tamil Nadu in southern India. For 15 years now, residents of that district have been trying to persuade coastal communities not to destroy the mangrove forests along the coast. But the coastal people's preoccupation with their livelihood did not allow them to (A)〔ignore / heed〕that request. The tsunami miraculously changed their outlook. Villages (B)〔adjoining / conjoining〕 thick mangrove forests were saved from the fury of the tsunami because of the wave breaking role played by the mangroves. But in nearby villages, where mangroves had been (C)〔conserved / destroyed〕either for fuel wood or to create fish ponds, several hundred fishermen died.

(A) (B) (C)
1ignore adjoining conserved
2heed adjoining destroyed
3heed conjoining conserved
4ignore conjoining destroyed
정답 및 해설

문맥에 맞는 낱말은 heed - adjoining - destroyed이다.

(A) 생계에 몰두해 맹그로브를 보호하라는 요청을 "heed"(따르다)하지 못했다. (B) 맹그로브 숲에 "adjoining"(인접한) 마을은 쓰나미에서 살아남았다. (C) 땔감·양어장 때문에 맹그로브가 "destroyed"(파괴된) 마을에서는 어부가 많이 죽었다.

  • "ignore"(무시하다): 생계 걱정 때문에 무시하지 못했다는 것은 논리가 뒤집힌다.
  • "conjoining"(결합하는): 숲 옆에 붙어 있다는 위치 관계를 나타내지 못한다.
  • "conserved"(보존된): 보존된 곳에서 사람이 많이 죽었다는 것은 대조 흐름과 반대이다.
문제 9
빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. Bernouilli's principle also tells us why windows tend to explode, rather than implode in hurricanes: the very high speed of the air just outside the window causes the pressure just outside to be much less than the pressure inside, where the air is still. The difference in force pushes the windows ___________, and hence explode. If you know that a hurricane is coming it is therefore better to open as many windows as possible, to equalize the pressure inside and out.
1itself
2bottom
3inward
4outward
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "outward"(바깥쪽으로)가 들어간다.

창밖은 공기가 빨라 압력이 낮고 안쪽은 압력이 높으므로, 압력 차가 창문을 바깥으로 밀어 "explode"(밖으로 터지다)하게 된다.

  • "inward"(안쪽으로): 안으로 터지는 "implode"에 해당하여 "rather than implode"와 모순된다.
  • "itself", "bottom": 힘의 방향을 나타내지 못해 "and hence explode"와 이어지지 않는다.
문제 10
When will the court order be removed?
CLOSED BY COURT ORDER
This building has been closed and sealed by the Sheriff pursuant to an Order issued by Judge B. R. O'Reilly, 3rd District Magistrate's Court, and many not be entered into, demolished or materially altered in any manner. Violation may result in severe criminal penalties including fine and imprisonment.
This order shall stand and be effective until removed by Order of the same Court. Such a removal Order will be issued only upon presentation to the Court of Proof of Payment of the amount of Seven Thousand Three Hundred and Twenty Four Dollars ($7,324) in property tax arrears by the deeded owner of the property, Peter Paltram Holdings Inc., or its representative.
In the event that such payment is not made within Ninety (90) days of the posting of this Order, the property may be seized by the City of Hamston and sold at auction with any proceeds in excess of the stated tax arrears (plus any costs of sale) being remitted to the deeded owner.
1In ninety days
2When the taxes have been paid
3After sale costs have been paid
4After the building owner is fined
정답 및 해설

법원 명령은 "When the taxes have been paid"(세금이 납부되었을 때) 해제된다.

해제 명령은 소유주가 체납 재산세를 낸 "Proof of Payment"(납부 증명)를 법원에 제출해야만 발부된다고 되어 있다.

  • "In ninety days": 90일은 미납 시 시가 압류·경매할 수 있는 기한이지 해제 시점이 아니다.
  • "After sale costs have been paid": 매각 비용은 경매 후 잉여금을 정산할 때 공제하는 항목이다.
  • "After the building owner is fined": 벌금은 명령 위반 시의 처벌일 뿐 해제 조건이 아니다.
문제 11
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?
Everyday life in the British colonies of North America may now seem to have been glamorous, especially as reflected in antique shops. But judged by modern standards, it was quite a(n)        . For most people, the labor was heavy and constant from daybreak to nightfall. Basic comforts now taken for granted were lacking. Public buildings were often not heated at all. Drafty homes were heated only by inefficient fireplaces. There was no running water or indoor plumbing. The flickering light of candles and whale oil lamps provided inadequate illumination. There was no sanitation service to dispose of garbage; instead, long-snouted hogs were allowed to roam the streets, consuming refuse.
* long-snouted 긴 주둥이가 달린
1outdated style
2ingenious living
3perfect way of life
4miserable existence
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "miserable existence"(비참한 생활)가 들어간다.

"But judged by modern standards" 뒤로 고된 노동, 난방 부족, 수도·조명 부재, 쓰레기를 먹는 돼지 등 열악한 생활상이 나열되므로 비참한 삶이 알맞다.

  • "outdated style"(구식 양식): 생활의 고통이라는 핵심을 담지 못한다.
  • "ingenious living"(독창적인 생활): 불편함을 나열한 내용과 반대이다.
  • "perfect way of life"(완벽한 생활 방식): "glamorous"와 대조된다는 But의 흐름과 맞지 않는다.
문제 12
밑줄친 부분에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 말은?
Mount Everest are legendary. Massive snow and ice avalanches are a constant threat to all expeditions, sometimes burying valleys, glaciers, and climbing routes. Hurricane-force winds are a well-known hazard on Everest, and many people have been killed when their tents were ripped to shreds by the gales. _________, the dramatic loss of body heat, is also a major and debilitating problem in this region of high winds and low temperatures.
1Hypothermia
2Hyperthermia
3Hypertrophy
4Nervous breakdown
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "Hypothermia"(저체온증)가 들어간다.

동격 표현 "the dramatic loss of body heat"(급격한 체열 손실)와 강풍·저온 환경이 저체온증을 가리킨다.

  • "Hyperthermia"(고체온증): 체온이 지나치게 오르는 상태로 반대 개념이다.
  • "Hypertrophy"(비대): 조직이나 기관이 커지는 것으로 체열과 무관하다.
  • "Nervous breakdown"(신경쇠약): 정신적 붕괴로 체열 손실을 뜻하지 않는다.
문제 13
밑줄친 (A), (B)부분에 알맞은 말은 어느 것인가?
Asahi Breweries canceled its plan to sell beer in plastic bottles, following objections from environmental groups. Asahi had planned to launch Japan's first plastic beer container as part its strategy to promote the drink for younger consumers (A)______ value convenience and style. However, Greenpeace Japan led a campaign against the plan claiming that the introduction of plastic bottles would create waste disposal problems. Greenpeace said that the beer industry should stick to existing glass bottles, (B)___________ a recycling system exists.
1which - for which
2what - in which
3who - in which
4who - for which
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "who - for which"가 들어간다.

(A)는 사람 선행사 "younger consumers"를 받아 동사 "value"의 주어가 되는 주격 관계대명사 who이다. (B)는 "a recycling system exists for glass bottles"(유리병을 위한 재활용 체계가 있다)에서 전치사가 앞으로 나온 전치사 + 관계대명사 구조이다.

  • "which": 사람 선행사에는 쓰지 않는다.
  • "what": 선행사를 포함하므로 선행사 뒤에 올 수 없다.
  • "in which": "a recycling system exists in glass bottles"(유리병 안에 체계가 있다)는 의미가 어색하다.
문제 14
밑줄친 곳에 들어갈 말로 가장 알맞은 것은?
As more women gain the work experience and education necessary to qualify for leadership positions, the supply of capable women leaders grows. Organizations are subsequently called on to reestablish and expand their notions of what constitutes effective leadership as it relates to gender stereotype, and role expectations. If traditional perspectives of leadership center on masculine-oriented concepts of authoritarian and task-oriented behavior, then these same perspectives may contribute to a '__________________' prohibiting relationship-oriented (i.e. feminine) leadership behaviors from integrated into organization management structures.
1task-oriented leadership
2glass ceiling
3high-speed growth
4feminine behavior
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "glass ceiling"(유리 천장)이 들어간다.

남성적 리더십 관점이 관계지향적(여성적) 리더십이 조직 경영에 통합되는 것을 "prohibiting"(가로막는) 보이지 않는 장벽 역할을 한다는 내용이다.

  • "task-oriented leadership": 장벽을 만드는 기존 관점 자체이지 장벽의 이름이 아니다.
  • "high-speed growth"(고속 성장): 가로막는다는 의미와 무관하다.
  • "feminine behavior": 가로막히는 대상이므로 장벽이 될 수 없다.
문제 15
다음 밑줄 친 단어의 사용이 어색한 것은?
The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the "gentleman's C," when students ①journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, ②sampling a wide variety of courses that would send them out as liberally ③educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds ④exhaust me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I don't know if they are getting As or Cs, and I don't care.
1journeyed
2sampling
3educated
4exhaust
정답 및 해설

쓰임이 어색한 것은 "exhaust"(지치게 하다)이다.

바로 뒤 "I like to hear the play of their ideas."(그들의 생각이 오가는 것을 듣기 좋아한다)로 보아 탐구심 있는 학생들이 필자를 즐겁게 한다는 뜻의 "delight", "stimulate" 등이 와야 한다.

  • "journeyed": 여유롭게 대학 생활을 "거쳐 갔다"는 의미로 자연스럽다.
  • "sampling": 다양한 강좌를 "맛보며" 들었다는 의미로 자연스럽다.
  • "educated": "liberally educated men and women"(폭넓게 교육받은 사람들)으로 자연스럽다.
문제 16
다음 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
But nothing seems to work.

Korean police have a very hard time trying to control the situation.　( ① )　 They've tried everything from policemen dummies to hidden cameras to crackdowns. ( ② )　Drivers soon figure out where the dummies are and then just ignore them. ( ③ )　They memorize where the cameras are hidden, so they slow down before they get to them and speed up again as soon as they pass.　( ④ )
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 "They've tried everything ..." 뒤, "Drivers soon figure out ..." 앞에 들어간다.

모형 경찰·몰래카메라·단속 등 모든 방법을 시도했다고 한 뒤 "But nothing seems to work."(그러나 아무것도 효과가 없다)로 전환하고, 이어지는 문장들이 실패 이유를 구체적으로 보여 준다.

  • "Korean police have a very hard time ..." 뒤: 아직 시도한 방법이 제시되지 않아 But의 대비가 성립하지 않는다.
  • "Drivers soon figure out ..." 뒤나 글의 끝: 모형과 카메라를 피하는 구체적 설명 사이를 끊거나 결론이 늦게 나와 흐름이 어색하다.
문제 17
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Government authorities in the United States have no control over what is published. The freedom has allowed the development of a fiercely independent and diverse communications industry. One result is the press exerts more influence in the United States than any other country. Often this influence is a force for reform, uncovering shortcomings in society and providing information that people in powerful positions are sometimes reluctant to divulge. Anyone who does not want his article to get censored must then start his or her own newspaper. ①Many people argue that censoring is unconstitutional and an infringement on the right of press. ②Another result, however, is a tendency to ignore, as much as possible, the occasional errors, excesses and lapses in fairness by the press itself. ③For many decades attacks on specific flaws were regarded as undermining the basic freedom of the press - particularly when the attacks came from outside. ④Inside, the general practice was silence.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

흐름과 관계없는 문장은 "Many people argue that censoring is unconstitutional ..."(검열은 위헌이라는 주장)이다.

글은 언론 자유의 결과로 영향력이 커졌다는 점(One result)과 언론 자신의 잘못을 외면하는 경향(Another result)을 다룬다. 검열의 위헌성 주장은 이 두 결과의 흐름에서 벗어난다.

  • "Another result, however, is a tendency to ignore ...": 앞의 "One result"에 대응하는 두 번째 결과로 흐름에 맞다.
  • "For many decades attacks on specific flaws ...": 언론의 결함 지적이 자유 침해로 여겨졌다는 부연이다.
  • "Inside, the general practice was silence.": 외부 비판과 대비해 내부는 침묵했다는 마무리이다.
문제 18
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Many birds pursue prey by swimming under water, but none is so superbly adapted to the task as the penguins. (A) The entire anatomy of the penguin wing has been modified so that it is a stiff, oar-like flipper like that of a dolphin. (B) Awkward on land, penguins use their wings for underwater propulsion as efficiently as other birds use wings for flying. (C) Although all birds share a generally similar body plan, they vary greatly in size and proportions, being adapted to so many ways of life. (D) Most other underwater swimmers - such as loons, cormorants and some ducks - are propelled by their powerful feet, although some use their wings for balance.
1(A)
2(B)
3(C)
4(D)
정답 및 해설

흐름과 관계없는 문장은 "Although all birds share a generally similar body plan ..."(모든 새는 체형이 비슷하지만 크기·비율이 다양하다)이다.

글은 펭귄의 수중 유영 적응을 다루는데, 이 문장은 새 전반의 체형 다양성을 말해 주제에서 벗어난다.

  • "The entire anatomy of the penguin wing has been modified ...": 펭귄 날개가 노 같은 지느러미로 변형되었다는 핵심 근거이다.
  • "Awkward on land, penguins use their wings for underwater propulsion ...": 날개를 수중 추진에 쓴다는 설명이다.
  • "Most other underwater swimmers ... are propelled by their powerful feet ...": 발로 헤엄치는 다른 새와 대비해 펭귄의 특수성을 부각한다.
문제 19
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
We are now beginning to realize that the great age of expansion of man over the face of this planet is rapidly drawing to a close. There are no great open spaces any more and we are forced to recognize the very limited nature of the earth's resources. The geological capital in the shape of fuel and minerals which has made our present achievements possible will have been exhausted and is unlikely to be renewed. Man's voyages to the moon, and later no doubt to other planets, are not likely to open up any new resources, simply because of the enormous energy requirement for transportation. The whole space enterprise is more likely to be resource using than resource-finding. It will eventually bring us face to face with the realization that the earth is all we have, and that this precious beautiful, blue-green planet must be cherished and preserved if we are to continue to inhabit it.
1necessity of developing universe
2necessity of preserving Earth
3limitation of human history
4energy of developing civilizaiton
정답 및 해설

글의 주제는 "necessity of preserving Earth"(지구 보존의 필요성)이다.

자원의 한계와 우주 개발의 비효율을 지적한 뒤 "this precious beautiful, blue-green planet must be cherished and preserved"로 결론짓는다.

  • "necessity of developing universe": 우주 개발은 "resource using"(자원 소모적)이라고 부정적으로 본다.
  • "limitation of human history": 역사의 한계가 아니라 지구 자원의 한계를 다룬다.
  • "energy of developing civilizaiton": 에너지는 수송 비용의 근거로만 언급된다.
문제 20
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Exhausted from studying for final exams, he returned one December day to his rented, off―campus room and fell into a deep sleep.

(A) An incredibly heavy weight compressed his rib cage. Breathing became difficult, and he felt a pair of hands encircle his neck and start to squeeze.
(B) An hour later, he awoke with a start to the sound of the bedroom door creaking open―the same door he had locked before going to bed. He then heard footsteps moving toward his bed and felt an evil presence.
(C) It gripped the young man, who couldn't move a muscle, his eyes wide open. Without warning, the evil entity, whatever it was, jumped onto his chest.
1(A) - (B) - (C)
2(A) - (C) - (B)
3(B) - (C) - (A)
4(C) - (A) - (B)
정답 및 해설

바른 순서는 (B) - (C) - (A)이다.

잠든 뒤 (B) "An hour later, he awoke"로 문이 열리고 "an evil presence"를 느낀다. (C)의 "It"이 그 존재를 받아 그를 사로잡고 가슴 위로 뛰어오르며, (A)에서 갈비뼈가 짓눌리고 목이 졸린다.

  • (A)로 시작하는 배열: 잠든 직후 이유 없이 무게에 눌리는 장면이 나와 사건의 발단이 빠진다.
  • (C)로 시작하는 배열: "It"이 가리킬 "an evil presence"가 앞에 없다.
문제 21
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Obesity has a strong genetic component, and this plays an important role in explaining why a given individual is obese. But genetic characteristics in the population change very slowly, and so they clearly cannot explain why obesity has increased so rapidly in recent decades. Researchers have instead sought to explain obesity by looking at technological changes, changes in consumer habits, and changes in the social environment. Economists have taken the lead in these efforts. According to them, technological advances in agriculture have caused grocery prices to fall, and these declines have caused consumers to demand more groceries. The increase of food consumption has contributed to a surge in caloric intake that can account for as much as 40 percent of the increase in the body mass index of adults since 1980.
1reasons for recent rapid growth in obesity
2worldwide efforts to reduce caloric intake
3risks overweight people might struggle with
4the main culprit of increased food consumption
정답 및 해설

글의 주제는 "reasons for recent rapid growth in obesity"(최근 비만 급증의 원인)이다.

유전으로는 "why obesity has increased so rapidly in recent decades"를 설명할 수 없다고 한 뒤, 농업 기술 발전 → 식료품 가격 하락 → 소비 증가 → 열량 섭취 증가라는 경제학적 원인을 제시한다.

  • "worldwide efforts to reduce caloric intake": 열량 섭취를 줄이려는 노력은 언급되지 않는다.
  • "risks overweight people might struggle with": 비만의 위험이 아니라 원인을 다룬다.
  • "the main culprit of increased food consumption": 식품 소비 증가는 비만 원인 설명의 한 고리일 뿐 글 전체의 주제가 아니다.
문제 22
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
However, people growing up in different cultures have very different ideas about what is natural and very different assumptions about human nature.

We tend to feel that the way we do things, say things, and think about things is only logical. ( ① ) The level of aggression that seems appropriate, and ways of expressing agreement or disagreement, come to seem natural. ( ② ) Observing how people in other cultures deal with conflict, disagreement, and aggression can give new perspectives in our attempts to manage conflict and use opposition in positive rather than negative ways. ( ③ ) Such a newly-acquired view suggests possibilities - for example, of how similar ends can be achieved with different means. ( ④ )
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 "... come to seem natural." 뒤, "Observing how people in other cultures ..." 앞에 들어간다.

우리 방식이 논리적·자연스럽게 느껴진다는 내용 뒤에 "However"로 문화마다 자연스러움의 기준이 다르다고 전환해야, 다른 문화를 관찰하라는 다음 문장으로 이어진다.

  • "... is only logical." 뒤: 자연스럽게 느껴지는 공격성·의사표현 방식을 설명하는 문장이 아직 남아 있어 However가 흐름을 끊는다.
  • "... use opposition in positive rather than negative ways." 뒤나 글의 끝: 이미 다른 문화 관찰의 이점을 논한 뒤라 문화 차이의 도입이 늦다.
문제 23
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
Yet even the most superficial look into history shakes such an opinion.

The price of art attracts more public attention than any other commodity - except perhaps oil. ( ① ) The ups and downs of the price are debated by those both inside and outside the business. ( ② ) An exceptionally high price attracts wide media coverage together with a public response that ranges from outrage and ridicule to admiration. ( ③ ) The orthodox view is that this situation is not only new but bad and that art is not subject to financial speculators. ( ④ ) Holland, a rich and powerful imperial nation in the seventeenth century, traded and speculated in art. A historian records that it was quite usual to find Dutch farmers paying the equivalent of up to ￡3,000 for painting and then reselling them at 'very great gains'.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 "The orthodox view is that this situation is not only new but bad ..." 뒤, "Holland, ..." 앞에 들어간다.

미술품 투기가 새롭다는 통념("such an opinion")을 제시한 직후 역사를 조금만 봐도 그 견해가 흔들린다고 반박하고, 17세기 네덜란드의 미술품 투기 사례가 근거로 이어진다.

  • "... except perhaps oil." 뒤: "such an opinion"이 가리킬 견해가 아직 없다.
  • "The ups and downs of the price are debated ..." 뒤: 가격 논쟁 서술 중이라 반박할 견해가 제시되지 않았다.
  • "An exceptionally high price attracts wide media coverage ..." 뒤: 대중 반응 묘사일 뿐 역사로 반박할 통념이 아직 없다.
문제 24
다음 글을 쓴 목적은 무엇인가?
In the past few decades, biochemistry has come a long way towards explaining how the cell produces all its various proteins. But as to the breaking down of proteins, not so many researchers were interested. Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose went against the stream and at the beginning of the 1980s discovered one of the cell's most important cyclical processes-regulated protein degradation. For going against the tide with their bold research, they were rewarded with this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The work of the three laureates has brought us to realize that the cell functions as a highly-efficient checking station where proteins are built up and broken down at a furious rate.
1어떻게 단백질이 분해되는지를 설명하기 위해
2세포가 어떻게 다양한 단백질을 생산해 내는지 설명하기 위해
3생화학에서 시류를 따르지 않았던 비주류 연구자들의 업적을 설명하기 위해
4노벨물리학상 수상자들의 연구로 노벨상이 더욱 빛이 남을 알리기 위하여
정답 및 해설

글의 목적은 생화학에서 시류를 따르지 않았던 연구자들의 업적을 설명하는 것이다.

단백질 분해에 관심이 적던 시기에 세 학자가 "went against the stream"(시류를 거슬러) 단백질 분해 과정을 발견해 노벨화학상을 받았다는 내용이다.

  • 단백질 분해 방식 설명: 분해 과정의 원리보다 연구자들의 업적 소개에 초점이 있다.
  • 세포의 다양한 단백질 생산 방식 설명: 도입부의 배경일 뿐이며 글은 분해 연구를 다룬다.
  • 노벨물리학상 수상자 소개: 지문은 "Nobel Prize in Chemistry"(노벨화학상)라고 명시한다.
문제 25
밑줄 친 단어의 쓰임이 어법상 바르지 않은 것은?
On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese submarines and carrier planes ①launched an attack of the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor. Two hundred American ②aircrafts were destroyed, eight ③battleships were sunk, and approximately eight thousand naval and military personnel were killed or wounded. This savage attack and ④its horrifying consequences propelled the United States into World War II.
1launched
2aircrafts
3battleships
4its
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "aircrafts"로, aircraft는 단수·복수 형태가 같은 명사이므로 "Two hundred American aircraft"로 써야 한다.

aircraft는 복수를 뜻해도 -s를 붙이지 않는다(sheep, deer와 같은 단복동형).

  • "launched": 1941년 과거 사건이므로 과거 시제가 맞다.
  • "battleships": 가산명사 battleship의 복수형으로 "eight"과 일치한다.
  • "its": 단수 주어 "This savage attack"을 가리키는 소유격으로 수가 일치한다.