[법원직 9급 영어] 13년 1회차
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제 전 회차를 한 권으로 — PDF 전자책(문제집·정답해설집)
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제

13년 1회차

총 25문항 · 객관식 · A4 약 1장

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법원직 9급 영어 기출문제모두CBT · moducbt.com

13년 1회차

총 25문항 · 객관식 · 정답·해설 포함
문제 1
다음 글의 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은?
It was weird being back at Foothills Hospital, in the same room where she rested after going through many hours of labor and finally giving birth to me. There were beautiful hand-painted pictures on the wall and a clock that ticked so loud that it sounded like a timer on an explosive. In the corner was a vase of flowers surrounded by gifts, get-well cards and stuffed animals. I sat on the left side of the bed holding her hand. “Mom,” I said. “Today I bought a new watch. It has a video game built into it!” Usually, stuff like that would get me into lots of trouble, because she didn’t want me to waste money on stupid things. Today was an exception, though; today, she didn’t say a word. It was the only time I ever wished that I would get yelled at, but she just lay there asleep.
1merry
2gloomy
3humorous
4relaxing
정답 및 해설

글의 분위기는 "gloomy"(우울한)가 가장 적절하다.

화자는 병상에 누운 어머니의 손을 잡고 말을 걸지만 어머니는 "didn't say a word"(한마디도 하지 않았다)이고, "It was the only time I ever wished that I would get yelled at"(꾸중이라도 듣고 싶었던 유일한 때)라는 문장에서 슬프고 침울한 분위기가 드러난다.

  • "merry"(즐거운): 병상의 어머니가 반응하지 않는 상황과 맞지 않는다.
  • "humorous"(유머러스한): 비디오게임 시계 이야기는 웃음이 아니라 슬픔을 부각하는 장치다.
  • "relaxing"(편안한): 폭탄 타이머처럼 크게 째깍거리는 시계 묘사는 긴장과 불안을 드러낸다.
문제 2
다음 밑줄 친 단어가 문맥상 적절치 못한 것은?
'Pride,' observed Mary, who piqued herself upon the solidity of her reflections, is a very ①common failing I believe. By all that I have ever read, I am convinced that it is very common indeed, that human nature is particularly prone to it, and that there are very few of us who do not ②cherish a feeling of self-complacency on the score of some quality or other, real or imaginary. Vanity and pride are ③similar things, though the words are often used synonymously. A person may be proud without being vain. Pride ④relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

문맥상 적절치 않은 것은 "similar"(비슷한)로, "different"(다른)가 되어야 한다.

바로 뒤에 "though the words are often used synonymously"(비록 두 단어가 흔히 동의어로 쓰이지만)와 "A person may be proud without being vain"(허영심 없이 자부심을 가질 수 있다)이 이어지므로, vanity와 pride는 서로 다른 것이라는 흐름이다.

  • "common"(흔한): 바로 다음 문장의 "it is very common indeed"와 호응한다.
  • "cherish"(품다): 어떤 자질에 대한 자기만족의 감정을 품는다는 뜻으로 자연스럽다.
  • "relates"(관련되다): pride는 자신에 대한 평가, vanity는 남이 나를 어떻게 생각하길 바라는지와 관련된다는 대조에 맞다.
문제 3
다음 글에서 주인공의 심경 변화를 가장 잘 나타낸 것은?
When my eighth-grade teacher announced a graduation trip to Washington, D.C., it never crossed my mind that I would be left behind. We would visit Glen Echo Amusement Park in Maryland. My heart beating wildly, I raced home to deliver the news. But when my mother found out how much the trip cost, she just shook her head. We couldn't afford it. After feeling sad for 10 seconds, I decided to try to earn money for myself. For the next eight weeks, I sold candy bars, delivered newspapers and mowed lawns. Three days before the deadline, I'd made just barely enough. I was going!
1worried → angry → sad
2excited → disappointed → hopeful
3hopeful → resentful → nervous
4thrilled → sad → worried
정답 및 해설

주인공의 심경은 "excited → disappointed → hopeful"(신난 → 실망한 → 희망에 찬)로 변한다.

"My heart beating wildly"(가슴이 마구 뛰며)에서 들뜸, "We couldn't afford it"(형편이 안 됐다)에서 실망, 이어 "I decided to try to earn money for myself"(스스로 돈을 벌기로 했다)와 "I was going!"에서 희망과 기대가 드러난다.

  • "worried → angry → sad": 처음에 걱정하지 않았고 분노도 나타나지 않는다.
  • "hopeful → resentful → nervous": 어머니를 원망하지 않았고 마지막은 초조함이 아니라 기쁨이다.
  • "thrilled → sad → worried": 마지막에 돈을 모아 여행을 가게 되므로 걱정한 상태가 아니다.
문제 4
밑줄 친 (A),(B),(C)에서 문맥상 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
It seems odd that a sound can sometimes be heard at its source and (A)vanish / appear at a distance, only to be heard again still farther away. For a long time this “zone of silence” defeated all attempts at its explanation. At length a meteorologist discovered that layers of air of different temperature interfere with sound. Since the air immediately above the ground is usually warmer than that in higher layers the sound waves are deflected diagonally upwards. The consequences are easily deduced. A certain distance from the source a sound becomes (B)inaudible / audible because it passes over our heads. At a height of about twenty-five miles, however, there is usually another layer of warm air and this deflects the sound back towards the earth. This explains why there is a region of audibility (C)within / beyond the zone of silence.

(A) (B) (C)
1appear …… inaudible …… within
2appear …… audible …… beyond
3vanish …… inaudible …… beyond
4vanish …… audible …… beyond
정답 및 해설

문맥에 맞는 표현은 "vanish …… inaudible …… beyond"이다.

(A) 근원에서는 들리던 소리가 멀어지면 "vanish"(사라지다)했다가 더 멀리서 다시 들리는 것이 "zone of silence"(침묵 지대)다. (B) 음파가 위로 휘어 머리 위로 지나가므로 소리는 "inaudible"(들리지 않는)이 된다. (C) 높은 곳의 따뜻한 공기층이 소리를 다시 지상으로 꺾으므로, 들리는 지역은 침묵 지대 "beyond"(너머에) 있다.

  • "appear …… inaudible …… within": 근원에서 들리던 소리가 멀어지며 나타난다는 것은 모순이다.
  • "appear …… audible …… beyond": 머리 위로 지나가는 소리가 들린다는 것은 설명과 반대다.
  • "vanish …… audible …… beyond": (B)에서 소리가 들린다고 하면 침묵 지대가 생기지 않는다.
문제 5
다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Take high cholesterol. Anyone can have it. Here's something else that you might not know. About one-fifth of your cholesterol comes from what you eat. That's because high cholesterol often has as much to do with family genes as food. So, even if you diet and exercise you may need some help to lower it. The good news is that having Zeouls can help. It can lower your total cholesterol 29% to 45%. Ask your doctor if it's right for you. Of all the cholesterol medicines, doctors prescribe Zelous the most. Learn more. Call us at 1-888- Zelous or find us on the web at www.zelous.com.
1to advertise
2to praise
3to reject
4to thank
정답 및 해설

글의 목적은 "to advertise"(광고하기 위해)이다.

콜레스테롤 약 Zelous가 수치를 낮춰 준다고 소개하고, "Ask your doctor if it's right for you", "Call us … or find us on the web"처럼 제품 문의를 유도하는 전형적인 광고문이다.

  • "to praise"(칭찬하기 위해): 특정 인물을 칭찬하는 내용이 아니다.
  • "to reject"(거절하기 위해): 무엇을 거절하는 내용이 없다.
  • "to thank"(감사하기 위해): 감사를 표하는 표현이 없다.
문제 6
다음 글에서 전체의 흐름과 관련이 없는 문장은?
There are subtle signals you can send to the other person that will bring the conversation to its close without hurting anyone's feelings. ①Breaking eye contact is a good way of signaling to the other person that you are ready to end the conversation. ②Another way to signal that a conversation is coming to an end is to use transition words like "Well" or "At any rate," or even statements like "It was really nice talking to you." ③The ability to converse with those you encounter without effort is a very important element of all your personal and business relationships. ④When you leave, it's essential to leave a positive final impression as the initial impression you made.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

흐름과 관련 없는 문장은 "The ability to converse with those you encounter without effort is a very important element…"이다.

글의 주제는 상대의 감정을 상하지 않게 대화를 끝내는 신호인데, 이 문장은 대화 능력 일반의 중요성을 말해 흐름에서 벗어난다.

  • "Breaking eye contact…": 시선을 거두는 것이 대화를 끝내자는 신호라는 예시다.
  • "Another way to signal… transition words like "Well"": 전환어로 대화 종료를 알리는 또 다른 신호다.
  • "When you leave, it's essential to leave a positive final impression…": 대화를 끝내며 떠날 때의 마무리 태도로 주제와 이어진다.
문제 7
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
A responsible tourist understands that it’s much easier to protect the environment than to restore it. There are many simple things you can do ① to protect nature when you travel. Don’t buy souvenirs that are made from endangered plants or animals like coral or ivory. If no one bought those items, people would stop ② killing those endangered animals. Responsible tourism also considers local resources. One five-star hotel in Goa, on the west coast of India, uses as much water as five local villages, and one person staying there ③ use 28 times more electricity than a local resident. A responsible tourist should not use more than he must. Responsible tourism also aims to lower carbon emissions in order to reduce global warming. If possible, take a train or bus instead of an airplane. For short distances, ride a bicycle or walk. Walking is best for nature, and lets you ④ get to know the place you’re visiting more closely.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "use"로, "uses"가 되어야 한다(주어-동사 수일치).

주어는 "one person (staying there)"로 단수이고, "staying there"는 주어를 꾸미는 분사구다. 따라서 3인칭 단수 현재형 "uses"가 와야 한다.

  • "to protect": "you can do" 뒤에서 목적(~하기 위해)을 나타내는 to부정사의 부사적 용법으로 옳다.
  • "killing": "stop"은 동명사를 목적어로 취해 "~하기를 그만두다"를 뜻하므로 옳다.
  • "get": 사역동사 "lets"는 목적격 보어로 원형부정사를 취하므로 옳다.
문제 8
다음 밑줄 친 단어가 의미하는 것은?
Imagine that opportunities fall in the form of rain, and you are standing in that rain holding an umbrella. Even though the raindrops are abundant, you aren't catching any of them. But suppose that underneath the edges of the umbrella is a circle of buckets. As you stand holding the umbrella perfectly straight, most of the raindrops fall off the edges down into the empty buckets, with some falling in between. If these buckets have no purpose, they will have no meaning for you, and the raindrops will be wasted.
1opportunities
2efforts
3results
4purposes
정답 및 해설

밑줄 친 "raindrops"가 의미하는 것은 "opportunities"(기회)이다.

첫 문장 "Imagine that opportunities fall in the form of rain"(기회가 비의 형태로 내린다고 상상하라)에서 빗방울 = 기회라는 비유가 설정된다.

  • "efforts"(노력): 빗방울은 내가 들이는 것이 아니라 밖에서 주어지는 것이다.
  • "results"(결과): 빗방울을 받아 담아야 의미가 생기므로 결과가 아니다.
  • "purposes"(목적): 목적에 해당하는 것은 빗방울을 담는 "buckets"(양동이) 쪽이다.
문제 9
주어진 글을 문맥이 통하도록 순서대로 바르게 배열한 것은?
(A) The concept of laissez faire is often paired with capitalism, an economic system that is based on private ownership of the factors of production. Capitalism, the foundation of market economies, operates on the belief that, on their own, producers will create the goods and services that consumers demand.
(B) Therefore, according to laissez faire capitalism, there is no need for government involvement in the marketplace. This laissez faire capitalism is a market economy in its pure form. However, there are no pure market economies - all real-world market economies have some degree of government involvement.
(C) Sometimes the government's economic role is to stay out of the marketplace. The principle that the government should not interfere in the economy is called laissez faire, a French phrase meaning "leave things alone."
1(A)-(B)-(C)
2(A)-(C)-(B)
3(B)-(C)-(A)
4(C)-(A)-(B)
정답 및 해설

올바른 순서는 "(C)-(A)-(B)"이다.

(C)가 정부가 시장에 개입하지 않는 원칙을 "laissez faire"로 정의하고, (A)가 "The concept of laissez faire is often paired with capitalism"으로 자본주의와 연결하며, (B)가 "Therefore… there is no need for government involvement"로 결론을 낸 뒤 현실의 한계를 덧붙인다.

  • "(A)-(B)-(C)": (A)의 "The concept of laissez faire"는 개념이 먼저 정의된 뒤에야 쓸 수 있다.
  • "(A)-(C)-(B)": 정의 (C)가 이미 그 개념을 쓰는 (A) 뒤에 오는 것은 어색하다.
  • "(B)-(C)-(A)": "Therefore"로 시작하는 (B)는 앞에 근거가 있어야 하므로 첫머리에 올 수 없다.
문제 10
문맥상 빈 칸에 공통으로 들어 갈 단어는?
Most people think the world is ( ) to them. They allow events to pass without connecting them to other events. Whatever happens, and there's nothing else to it. Unlike most people, scientists see the world in a very orderly way. They look for what goes with what. Events and conditions are not ( ); they have cause and effect. Scientists everywhere, all the time, see connections because they are looking for connections. What happens when you throw a rock up in the air? It comes back down every time. That is the pattern, the essence of science.
1consistent
2creative
3random
4cruel
정답 및 해설

빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 단어는 "random"(무작위의)이다.

대부분의 사람은 사건을 서로 연결하지 않고 보지만, 과학자는 "Events and conditions are not ( ); they have cause and effect"처럼 인과와 패턴을 본다는 대조이므로, 빈칸은 질서·인과의 반대인 "random"이다.

  • "consistent"(일관된): 과학자의 관점에 해당하므로 대부분의 사람이 보는 세계와 반대다.
  • "creative"(창의적인): 인과 관계 유무와 무관하다.
  • "cruel"(잔인한): 문맥과 관련이 없다.
문제 11
다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Dear Amy,
Don't give up! I know you can do this assignment. I think you need to start by changing the way you look at yourself and your metaphor. You have already come up with many things that are half one thing and half another thing.
I want you to make a list of things that are good combinations of two parts. There are lots of things that are better when they're combined with something else. Here, I'll start your list: peanut butter and jelly are better together than they are apart. And think about all those exciting varieties of hybrid roses.
If you keep on going with this list, I think you can finish the assignment by Friday. If you're still stuck, come and talk to me before then.
Mrs. Thomas
1to inform
2to encourage
3to warn
4to complain
정답 및 해설

글의 목적은 "to encourage"(격려하기 위해)이다.

"Don't give up! I know you can do this assignment"(포기하지 마! 넌 이 과제를 할 수 있어)로 시작해 과제 해결 방법을 제시하고 막히면 찾아오라고 하므로 학생을 격려하는 편지다.

  • "to inform"(알리기 위해): 방법을 알려 주긴 하지만 핵심은 포기하지 말라는 격려다.
  • "to warn"(경고하기 위해): 경고하는 표현이 없다.
  • "to complain"(불평하기 위해): 불만을 제기하는 내용이 없다.
문제 12
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
In sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), a sleeping baby stops breathing and dies. In the United States, SIDS strikes about two of every thousand infants, usually when they are two to four months old. SIDS is less common in cultures where infants and parents sleep in the same bed, suggesting that        may be important. Indeed, about half of apparent SIDS cases maybe accidental suffocations caused when infants lie face down on soft surfaces. Other SIDS cases may stem from problems with brain systems regulating breathing or from exposure to cigarette smoke.
1eating habits
2sleeping position
3domestic violence
4the age of infants
정답 및 해설

빈칸에 들어갈 말은 "sleeping position"(잠자는 자세)이다.

빈칸 뒤 "accidental suffocations caused when infants lie face down on soft surfaces"(엎드려 누울 때 생기는 질식)가 근거로 이어지므로, 잠자는 자세가 중요하다는 내용이 맞다.

  • "eating habits"(식습관): 지문에 식습관 관련 언급이 없다.
  • "domestic violence"(가정 폭력): 지문과 무관하다.
  • "the age of infants"(영아의 나이): 나이는 언급되지만 같은 침대에서 자는 문화와의 관련성을 설명하지 못한다.
문제 13
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
We humans are not bad at smelling. We can distinguish about 10,000 different smells, and we do it in just a few milliseconds. But we use our brains for all kinds of other things, like interpreting images from our eyes and engaging in a variety of mental activities. Other animals don’t have this kind of distraction, so their sense of smell is much better than ours. Sharks, for example, can smell 10,000 times better than we do. Salmon are even better. It is known that they can smell 30,000 times better than us. Many scientists believe that's how they smell their way back home when they are ready to give birth. For fish like these, the whole world must be full of patterns of scents. By contrast, for us, the world is full of patterns of sights.
1Who Smells Best?
2Smell and Birth Home
3What Smell means to animals
4The Mental Activities of Human
정답 및 해설

글의 제목은 "Who Smells Best?"(누가 냄새를 가장 잘 맡는가?)가 가장 적절하다.

인간의 후각 능력을 소개한 뒤 상어는 인간보다 훨씬 낫고 "Salmon are even better"(연어는 더 낫다)처럼 동물 간 후각 능력을 비교하는 글이다.

  • "Smell and Birth Home": 연어의 귀향은 비교 중 나온 일부 예시다.
  • "What Smell means to animals": 동물에게 냄새가 갖는 의미보다 후각 능력의 차이가 중심이다.
  • "The Mental Activities of Human": 정신 활동은 인간의 후각이 상대적으로 덜 발달한 이유로만 언급된다.
문제 14
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Some societies have a custom called the couvade. The couvade is a ceremony in which the husband acts as if he is suffering from labor pains at the same time that his wife actually gives birth. Although no one seems able to explain fully the meaning of the couvade, there are several theories. According to one, the couvade is a way of warding off evil spirits. In effect, the husband directs attention away from his wife and toward himself. Another theory speculates that the couvade is a way of publicly identifying the father so that his paternity will not be in doubt.
1the meaning of giving birth in some societies
2the theories explaining the meaning of couvade
3the superstition some people have in giving birth
4the importance of husband sharing the pain of giving birth
정답 및 해설

글의 주제는 "the theories explaining the meaning of couvade"(쿠바드의 의미를 설명하는 이론들)이다.

쿠바드를 소개한 뒤 "there are several theories"라고 하고, 악령을 쫓는다는 이론과 아버지임을 공개적으로 확인한다는 이론을 차례로 제시한다.

  • "the meaning of giving birth in some societies": 출산 자체의 의미가 아니라 남편이 하는 의식의 의미를 다룬다.
  • "the superstition some people have in giving birth": 악령 이론은 여러 이론 중 하나일 뿐이다.
  • "the importance of husband sharing the pain of giving birth": 고통 분담의 중요성을 주장하는 글이 아니다.
문제 15
주어진 문장에 이어질 글의 순서로 알맞은 것은?
The Taj Mahal was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 because of its architectural splendor.
(A) Since the Taj Mahal is not only a famous tourist attraction but also a masterpiece in the history of architecture, the efforts to preserve it should be continued.
(B) Therefore, recently, industries have moved farther away from the site in an attempt to retain the quality of its facade.
(C) But its brilliance has faded over the years, mainly due to air pollution of the Agra area.
1B-A-C
2C-A-B
3B-C-A
4C-B-A
정답 및 해설

올바른 순서는 "C-B-A"이다.

주어진 문장이 타지마할의 건축적 장관을 말하자 (C)가 "But its brilliance has faded"로 대기오염에 의한 훼손을 제시하고, (B)가 "Therefore"로 산업시설 이전 대책을, (A)가 보존 노력이 계속되어야 한다는 결론을 맺는다.

  • "B-A-C": "Therefore"로 시작하는 (B) 앞에 원인이 되는 오염 문제가 먼저 나와야 한다.
  • "C-A-B": 결론 (A) 뒤에 대책 (B)가 오면 "Therefore"의 연결이 어색하다.
  • "B-C-A": 대책 (B)가 문제 제기 (C)보다 앞설 수 없다.
문제 16
다음 글에서 필자의 태도로 가장 알맞은 것은?
Habitat for humanity is a program aimed at eliminating substandard housing homelessness around the world. Habitat employees and dedicated volunteers work together to build new homes and renovate old ones that are then sold at no profit to families in need. The Habitat volunteers are rewarded with a keen sense of accomplishment and strong bonds of friendship. New volunteers are needed throughout the country to continue the work of this wonderful organization. No special building skills are required. Wouldn't you like to join the thousands who have enabled more than 300,000 people around the world to live in sturdy, decent housing?
1compassionate
2admiring
3criticizing
4lighthearted
문제 17
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Conjoined twins are usually classified into three basic categories depending on       .
Twins of the first type are conjoined in a way that never involves the heart or the midline of the body. For example, about 2 percent of all conjoined twins are attached at the head only, and about 19 percent are joined at the buttocks. Twins of the second type are always joined in a way that involves the midline of the body. Many twins joined at the midline share a heart. Around 35 percent are fused together at the upper half of the trunk. Another 30 percent are joined at the lower half of their bodies. Finally, the third major type of conjoined twins includes the very rare forms. In this category are those in which one twin is smaller, less formed, and dependent on the other, as well as the cases involving one twin born completely within the body of his or her sibling.
1the time when they are joined
2the reason why they are joined
3the point where they are joined
4whether they are attached at the head
정답 및 해설

빈칸에 들어갈 말은 "the point where they are joined"(결합된 부위)이다.

첫째 유형은 머리·엉덩이처럼 심장이나 몸의 중심선과 무관한 부위, 둘째 유형은 몸의 중심선이 관련된 부위로 결합되어 있어 결합 위치에 따라 분류함을 알 수 있다.

  • "the time when they are joined": 결합 시기에 대한 언급이 없다.
  • "the reason why they are joined": 결합 원인은 다루지 않는다.
  • "whether they are attached at the head": 머리 결합은 첫째 유형의 한 예에 불과하다.
문제 18
글의 흐름상 ___친 부분이 문맥에 맞지 않는 것은?
We should endeavor to give our children a wholesome variety of mental food, and to cultivate their tastes and ①stimulate their interests, rather than to fill their minds with dry facts. The important thing is not so much that every child should be taught, as that every child should be given the wish to ②learn. What does it matter if the pupil knows a little more or a little less? A boy who leaves school knowing ③less, but hating his lessons, will soon have forgotten almost all he ever learnt; while another who has acquired a thirst for ④knowledge, even if he had learnt little, will soon teach himself more than the first ever knew.
1stimulate
2learn
3less
4knowledge
정답 및 해설

문맥에 맞지 않는 것은 "less"로, "more"가 되어야 한다.

뒤의 학생이 "even if he had learnt little"(배운 것이 적더라도) 결국 앞 학생보다 더 많이 알게 된다는 대조이므로, 앞의 학생은 더 많이 알고 떠나지만 공부를 싫어하는 학생이어야 한다.

  • "stimulate"(자극하다): 아이들의 흥미를 자극한다는 뜻으로 자연스럽다.
  • "learn"(배우다): 모든 아이가 배우고 싶은 마음을 갖게 해야 한다는 요지와 맞다.
  • "knowledge"(지식): 지식에 대한 갈증을 얻은 학생이라는 뜻으로 적절하다.
문제 19
___친 priorities에 해당하지 않는 것은?
I am honored and deeply humbled to take the oath of office as your governor for the next four years. My priorities are clear. We will focus on creating jobs by keeping taxes low and building an advanced transportation system. We will improve access to health-care by allowing doctors to spend more time examining patients. We will continue to invest in the education of our children, all of our children. There are other challenges before us that did not arise yesterday and that will not be solved tomorrow. All the answers may not be found this session, but we will work until they are found.
1better traffic system
2tax cut
3investment in education
4cost of health-care
정답 및 해설

priorities에 해당하지 않는 것은 "cost of health-care"(의료 비용)이다.

의료 분야의 우선 과제는 "improve access to health-care by allowing doctors to spend more time examining patients"(의료 접근성 개선)이며, 비용에 대한 언급은 없다.

  • "better traffic system": "building an advanced transportation system"에 해당한다.
  • "tax cut": "keeping taxes low"에 해당한다.
  • "investment in education": "continue to invest in the education of our children"에 해당한다.
문제 20
다음 글의 San Francisco에 대한 내용으로 옳지 않은 것은?
What can you expect when you arrive in San Francisco? High rent! Rents have been rising for the last few years, and it doesn't seem as if they will come down. Everybody complains about the high cost of living in San Francisco, but few complain about the quality of life here. San Francisco is a most active city, and also many people say that it is the "most European city" in the United States. I've never seen any European city like San Francisco that can take so many different cultures so comfortably.
1People have to pay much money when renting a house.
2Many people think that the quality of life is not good.
3The city is said to be very lively.
4Many different cultures are mixed harmoniously.
정답 및 해설

옳지 않은 것은 "Many people think that the quality of life is not good."이다.

지문은 "few complain about the quality of life here"(이곳의 삶의 질에 불평하는 사람은 거의 없다)라고 하므로 반대 내용이다.

  • "People have to pay much money when renting a house.": "High rent!"와 집세가 계속 오른다는 내용과 일치한다.
  • "The city is said to be very lively.": "San Francisco is a most active city"와 일치한다.
  • "Many different cultures are mixed harmoniously.": "take so many different cultures so comfortably"와 일치한다.
문제 21
___친 (A), (B)의 표현 중, 어법에 맞는 것끼리 짝지어진 것은?
When seeking to understand a foreign culture, although we tend to focus in rituals and practices, there is also much to (A)learn / be learned from observing what people don't do. In this sense, knowing what people don't eat can be an integral part of a balanced comprehension of their society. Examining the motivation behind food taboos can provide us with illuminating perspective on the feelings and beliefs of people we may otherwise find strange. (B)Who / What we are is reflected in what we won't eat, as well as what we will.

(A) (B)
1learn --- What
2be learned --- Who
3learn --- Who
4be learned --- What
문제 22
다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
While European artists had developed a tradition of working in a realistic style, other cultures had a long tradition of abstract art form. Some native American artists also work in an abstract style. Navajo Indian artists make abstract paintings that do not use oil paints, watercolors, or any kind of wet materials. Their artworks are called sand paintings because the artist's materials are crushed charcoal, cornmeal, crushed rocks, and sand. The artist makes a sand painting by pouring these materials onto the ground according to one of hundreds of traditional designs. It is a delicate task to make this kind of artwork because, as you can imagine, once the materials are poured it is very hard to correct mistakes.
1아메리카 원주민 예술가들은 추상적인 양식으로 작업을 한다.
2나바호 인디언은 석탄 부순 것, 모래 등을 사용하여 예술 작품을 만든다.
3모래그림은 재료들을 땅에 쏟아 부어 전통 문양에 맞게 그려진다.
4재료를 땅에 쏟은 후 잘못된 부분의 수정이 섬세하게 이루어진다.
정답 및 해설

일치하지 않는 것은 "재료를 땅에 쏟은 후 잘못된 부분의 수정이 섬세하게 이루어진다."이다.

지문은 "once the materials are poured it is very hard to correct mistakes"(재료를 쏟고 나면 실수를 고치기가 매우 어렵다)라고 하므로 수정이 이루어진다는 내용은 틀리다.

  • 아메리카 원주민 예술가의 추상 양식: "Some native American artists also work in an abstract style"과 일치한다.
  • 석탄 부순 것·모래 등의 재료: "crushed charcoal, cornmeal, crushed rocks, and sand"와 일치한다.
  • 땅에 쏟아 전통 문양대로 그리기: "pouring these materials onto the ground according to one of hundreds of traditional designs"와 일치한다.
문제 23
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 알맞은 것은?
Thousands of discarded computers from Western Europe and the U.S.A. arrive in the ports of West Africa every day, ending up in massive toxic dumps, where children burn and pull them apart to extract metals for cash. The exportation of the developed world's electronic trash, or e-waste, is in direct violation of international legislation and is causing serious health problems for the inhabitants of the area. Apparently, dishonest waste merchants unload millions of tons of dangerous waste in the developing world by claiming that it will be used in schools and hospitals. Campaigners are calling for better policing of the ban on exports of e-waste, which can release lead, mercury, and other dangerous chemicals.
1Illegal disposal of electronic waste
2Campaign for recycling computers
3Banning of toxic dumps in Africa
4Benefits of discarding e-waste
정답 및 해설

글의 제목은 "Illegal disposal of electronic waste"(전자 폐기물의 불법 처리)가 가장 알맞다.

선진국의 전자 폐기물이 서아프리카에 버려지는 것이 "in direct violation of international legislation"(국제법을 직접 위반)이며 주민 건강을 해친다는 내용으로, 불법 투기 문제가 중심이다.

  • "Campaign for recycling computers": 운동가들은 재활용이 아니라 수출 금지의 단속 강화를 요구한다.
  • "Banning of toxic dumps in Africa": 금지 대상은 아프리카의 매립지가 아니라 전자 폐기물 수출이다.
  • "Benefits of discarding e-waste": 전자 폐기물 투기의 해악을 다루므로 반대다.
문제 24
다음 글에 드러난 필자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Driving home through the quiet lane early one morning, my headlights picked out a shape in the middle of the road. Only at the last moment did the shape turn its head and look straight at me. The owl apparently neither heard nor saw my car coming. It was too late. There was nothing I could do. There was a horrible sound as I hit the bird head-on. I thought about stopping to see if it was lying injured yet alive by the side of the road, but decided that it wouldn't have stood a chance. I tried to put the incident out of my mind as I drove home, only to be confronted a new horror when I got out of the car. The evening had taken a distinctively dreadful turn. I discovered that the owl had gotten stuck in my radiator grill.
1bored and indifferent
2curious and anticipating
3shocked and disgusted
4relieved and encouraged
정답 및 해설

필자의 심경은 "shocked and disgusted"(충격받고 역겨운)가 가장 적절하다.

올빼미를 정면으로 치며 "There was a horrible sound"(끔찍한 소리)를 들었고, 집에 와서는 "a new horror"로 올빼미가 라디에이터 그릴에 박혀 있는 것을 발견해 충격과 혐오를 느낀다.

  • "bored and indifferent"(지루하고 무관심한): 사고를 잊으려 애쓸 만큼 동요했다.
  • "curious and anticipating"(궁금하고 기대하는): 기대할 만한 상황이 아니다.
  • "relieved and encouraged"(안도하고 고무된): 마지막에 더 끔찍한 상황을 맞으므로 반대다.
문제 25
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Avalanches are among the world’s most dangerous natural disasters. Fortunately, they usually occur in remote mountain areas, where they threaten neither human life nor property.
(A) Suddenly they were overtaken by an avalanche that left only a few survivors. Three members of the party were buried in the snow. When, after almost half a century, the bodies were found, they were perfectly preserved.
(B) They were so well preserved, in fact, that a surviving member of the original party, by then an old man, was able to recognize them.
(C) Occasionally, however, an avalanche can strike without warning, taking hikers and skiers by surprise. This is precisely what happened more than a century ago when a small group of mountain climbers tried to scale the huge alpine peak Mont Blanc.
1(A)-(C)-(B)
2(B)-(A)-(C)
3(B)-(C)-(A)
4(C)-(A)-(B)
정답 및 해설

올바른 순서는 "(C)-(A)-(B)"이다.

주어진 글이 눈사태가 보통 외딴 곳에서 일어난다고 하자 (C)가 "Occasionally, however"로 예고 없이 사람을 덮치는 경우와 몽블랑 등반대 사례를 꺼내고, (A)가 눈사태로 묻힌 대원들의 시신이 반세기 후 온전히 발견되었다고 하며, (B)가 "They were so well preserved"로 생존 대원이 알아볼 정도였다고 마무리한다.

  • "(A)-(C)-(B)": (A)의 "they"가 가리킬 등반대가 (C)에서 먼저 소개되어야 한다.
  • "(B)-(A)-(C)": (B)의 "so well preserved"는 (A)의 "perfectly preserved" 뒤에 와야 한다.
  • "(B)-(C)-(A)": 보존 상태를 말하는 (B)가 사건 소개보다 앞설 수 없다.
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제모두CBT · moducbt.com
13년 1회차
총 25문항 · 객관식 · 정답·해설 포함
문제 1
다음 글의 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은?
It was weird being back at Foothills Hospital, in the same room where she rested after going through many hours of labor and finally giving birth to me. There were beautiful hand-painted pictures on the wall and a clock that ticked so loud that it sounded like a timer on an explosive. In the corner was a vase of flowers surrounded by gifts, get-well cards and stuffed animals. I sat on the left side of the bed holding her hand. “Mom,” I said. “Today I bought a new watch. It has a video game built into it!” Usually, stuff like that would get me into lots of trouble, because she didn’t want me to waste money on stupid things. Today was an exception, though; today, she didn’t say a word. It was the only time I ever wished that I would get yelled at, but she just lay there asleep.
1merry
2gloomy
3humorous
4relaxing
정답 및 해설

글의 분위기는 "gloomy"(우울한)가 가장 적절하다.

화자는 병상에 누운 어머니의 손을 잡고 말을 걸지만 어머니는 "didn't say a word"(한마디도 하지 않았다)이고, "It was the only time I ever wished that I would get yelled at"(꾸중이라도 듣고 싶었던 유일한 때)라는 문장에서 슬프고 침울한 분위기가 드러난다.

  • "merry"(즐거운): 병상의 어머니가 반응하지 않는 상황과 맞지 않는다.
  • "humorous"(유머러스한): 비디오게임 시계 이야기는 웃음이 아니라 슬픔을 부각하는 장치다.
  • "relaxing"(편안한): 폭탄 타이머처럼 크게 째깍거리는 시계 묘사는 긴장과 불안을 드러낸다.
문제 2
다음 밑줄 친 단어가 문맥상 적절치 못한 것은?
'Pride,' observed Mary, who piqued herself upon the solidity of her reflections, is a very ①common failing I believe. By all that I have ever read, I am convinced that it is very common indeed, that human nature is particularly prone to it, and that there are very few of us who do not ②cherish a feeling of self-complacency on the score of some quality or other, real or imaginary. Vanity and pride are ③similar things, though the words are often used synonymously. A person may be proud without being vain. Pride ④relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

문맥상 적절치 않은 것은 "similar"(비슷한)로, "different"(다른)가 되어야 한다.

바로 뒤에 "though the words are often used synonymously"(비록 두 단어가 흔히 동의어로 쓰이지만)와 "A person may be proud without being vain"(허영심 없이 자부심을 가질 수 있다)이 이어지므로, vanity와 pride는 서로 다른 것이라는 흐름이다.

  • "common"(흔한): 바로 다음 문장의 "it is very common indeed"와 호응한다.
  • "cherish"(품다): 어떤 자질에 대한 자기만족의 감정을 품는다는 뜻으로 자연스럽다.
  • "relates"(관련되다): pride는 자신에 대한 평가, vanity는 남이 나를 어떻게 생각하길 바라는지와 관련된다는 대조에 맞다.
문제 3
다음 글에서 주인공의 심경 변화를 가장 잘 나타낸 것은?
When my eighth-grade teacher announced a graduation trip to Washington, D.C., it never crossed my mind that I would be left behind. We would visit Glen Echo Amusement Park in Maryland. My heart beating wildly, I raced home to deliver the news. But when my mother found out how much the trip cost, she just shook her head. We couldn't afford it. After feeling sad for 10 seconds, I decided to try to earn money for myself. For the next eight weeks, I sold candy bars, delivered newspapers and mowed lawns. Three days before the deadline, I'd made just barely enough. I was going!
1worried → angry → sad
2excited → disappointed → hopeful
3hopeful → resentful → nervous
4thrilled → sad → worried
정답 및 해설

주인공의 심경은 "excited → disappointed → hopeful"(신난 → 실망한 → 희망에 찬)로 변한다.

"My heart beating wildly"(가슴이 마구 뛰며)에서 들뜸, "We couldn't afford it"(형편이 안 됐다)에서 실망, 이어 "I decided to try to earn money for myself"(스스로 돈을 벌기로 했다)와 "I was going!"에서 희망과 기대가 드러난다.

  • "worried → angry → sad": 처음에 걱정하지 않았고 분노도 나타나지 않는다.
  • "hopeful → resentful → nervous": 어머니를 원망하지 않았고 마지막은 초조함이 아니라 기쁨이다.
  • "thrilled → sad → worried": 마지막에 돈을 모아 여행을 가게 되므로 걱정한 상태가 아니다.
문제 4
밑줄 친 (A),(B),(C)에서 문맥상 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
It seems odd that a sound can sometimes be heard at its source and (A)vanish / appear at a distance, only to be heard again still farther away. For a long time this “zone of silence” defeated all attempts at its explanation. At length a meteorologist discovered that layers of air of different temperature interfere with sound. Since the air immediately above the ground is usually warmer than that in higher layers the sound waves are deflected diagonally upwards. The consequences are easily deduced. A certain distance from the source a sound becomes (B)inaudible / audible because it passes over our heads. At a height of about twenty-five miles, however, there is usually another layer of warm air and this deflects the sound back towards the earth. This explains why there is a region of audibility (C)within / beyond the zone of silence.

(A) (B) (C)
1appear …… inaudible …… within
2appear …… audible …… beyond
3vanish …… inaudible …… beyond
4vanish …… audible …… beyond
정답 및 해설

문맥에 맞는 표현은 "vanish …… inaudible …… beyond"이다.

(A) 근원에서는 들리던 소리가 멀어지면 "vanish"(사라지다)했다가 더 멀리서 다시 들리는 것이 "zone of silence"(침묵 지대)다. (B) 음파가 위로 휘어 머리 위로 지나가므로 소리는 "inaudible"(들리지 않는)이 된다. (C) 높은 곳의 따뜻한 공기층이 소리를 다시 지상으로 꺾으므로, 들리는 지역은 침묵 지대 "beyond"(너머에) 있다.

  • "appear …… inaudible …… within": 근원에서 들리던 소리가 멀어지며 나타난다는 것은 모순이다.
  • "appear …… audible …… beyond": 머리 위로 지나가는 소리가 들린다는 것은 설명과 반대다.
  • "vanish …… audible …… beyond": (B)에서 소리가 들린다고 하면 침묵 지대가 생기지 않는다.
문제 5
다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Take high cholesterol. Anyone can have it. Here's something else that you might not know. About one-fifth of your cholesterol comes from what you eat. That's because high cholesterol often has as much to do with family genes as food. So, even if you diet and exercise you may need some help to lower it. The good news is that having Zeouls can help. It can lower your total cholesterol 29% to 45%. Ask your doctor if it's right for you. Of all the cholesterol medicines, doctors prescribe Zelous the most. Learn more. Call us at 1-888- Zelous or find us on the web at www.zelous.com.
1to advertise
2to praise
3to reject
4to thank
정답 및 해설

글의 목적은 "to advertise"(광고하기 위해)이다.

콜레스테롤 약 Zelous가 수치를 낮춰 준다고 소개하고, "Ask your doctor if it's right for you", "Call us … or find us on the web"처럼 제품 문의를 유도하는 전형적인 광고문이다.

  • "to praise"(칭찬하기 위해): 특정 인물을 칭찬하는 내용이 아니다.
  • "to reject"(거절하기 위해): 무엇을 거절하는 내용이 없다.
  • "to thank"(감사하기 위해): 감사를 표하는 표현이 없다.
문제 6
다음 글에서 전체의 흐름과 관련이 없는 문장은?
There are subtle signals you can send to the other person that will bring the conversation to its close without hurting anyone's feelings. ①Breaking eye contact is a good way of signaling to the other person that you are ready to end the conversation. ②Another way to signal that a conversation is coming to an end is to use transition words like "Well" or "At any rate," or even statements like "It was really nice talking to you." ③The ability to converse with those you encounter without effort is a very important element of all your personal and business relationships. ④When you leave, it's essential to leave a positive final impression as the initial impression you made.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

흐름과 관련 없는 문장은 "The ability to converse with those you encounter without effort is a very important element…"이다.

글의 주제는 상대의 감정을 상하지 않게 대화를 끝내는 신호인데, 이 문장은 대화 능력 일반의 중요성을 말해 흐름에서 벗어난다.

  • "Breaking eye contact…": 시선을 거두는 것이 대화를 끝내자는 신호라는 예시다.
  • "Another way to signal… transition words like "Well"": 전환어로 대화 종료를 알리는 또 다른 신호다.
  • "When you leave, it's essential to leave a positive final impression…": 대화를 끝내며 떠날 때의 마무리 태도로 주제와 이어진다.
문제 7
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
A responsible tourist understands that it’s much easier to protect the environment than to restore it. There are many simple things you can do ① to protect nature when you travel. Don’t buy souvenirs that are made from endangered plants or animals like coral or ivory. If no one bought those items, people would stop ② killing those endangered animals. Responsible tourism also considers local resources. One five-star hotel in Goa, on the west coast of India, uses as much water as five local villages, and one person staying there ③ use 28 times more electricity than a local resident. A responsible tourist should not use more than he must. Responsible tourism also aims to lower carbon emissions in order to reduce global warming. If possible, take a train or bus instead of an airplane. For short distances, ride a bicycle or walk. Walking is best for nature, and lets you ④ get to know the place you’re visiting more closely.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "use"로, "uses"가 되어야 한다(주어-동사 수일치).

주어는 "one person (staying there)"로 단수이고, "staying there"는 주어를 꾸미는 분사구다. 따라서 3인칭 단수 현재형 "uses"가 와야 한다.

  • "to protect": "you can do" 뒤에서 목적(~하기 위해)을 나타내는 to부정사의 부사적 용법으로 옳다.
  • "killing": "stop"은 동명사를 목적어로 취해 "~하기를 그만두다"를 뜻하므로 옳다.
  • "get": 사역동사 "lets"는 목적격 보어로 원형부정사를 취하므로 옳다.
문제 8
다음 밑줄 친 단어가 의미하는 것은?
Imagine that opportunities fall in the form of rain, and you are standing in that rain holding an umbrella. Even though the raindrops are abundant, you aren't catching any of them. But suppose that underneath the edges of the umbrella is a circle of buckets. As you stand holding the umbrella perfectly straight, most of the raindrops fall off the edges down into the empty buckets, with some falling in between. If these buckets have no purpose, they will have no meaning for you, and the raindrops will be wasted.
1opportunities
2efforts
3results
4purposes
정답 및 해설

밑줄 친 "raindrops"가 의미하는 것은 "opportunities"(기회)이다.

첫 문장 "Imagine that opportunities fall in the form of rain"(기회가 비의 형태로 내린다고 상상하라)에서 빗방울 = 기회라는 비유가 설정된다.

  • "efforts"(노력): 빗방울은 내가 들이는 것이 아니라 밖에서 주어지는 것이다.
  • "results"(결과): 빗방울을 받아 담아야 의미가 생기므로 결과가 아니다.
  • "purposes"(목적): 목적에 해당하는 것은 빗방울을 담는 "buckets"(양동이) 쪽이다.
문제 9
주어진 글을 문맥이 통하도록 순서대로 바르게 배열한 것은?
(A) The concept of laissez faire is often paired with capitalism, an economic system that is based on private ownership of the factors of production. Capitalism, the foundation of market economies, operates on the belief that, on their own, producers will create the goods and services that consumers demand.
(B) Therefore, according to laissez faire capitalism, there is no need for government involvement in the marketplace. This laissez faire capitalism is a market economy in its pure form. However, there are no pure market economies - all real-world market economies have some degree of government involvement.
(C) Sometimes the government's economic role is to stay out of the marketplace. The principle that the government should not interfere in the economy is called laissez faire, a French phrase meaning "leave things alone."
1(A)-(B)-(C)
2(A)-(C)-(B)
3(B)-(C)-(A)
4(C)-(A)-(B)
정답 및 해설

올바른 순서는 "(C)-(A)-(B)"이다.

(C)가 정부가 시장에 개입하지 않는 원칙을 "laissez faire"로 정의하고, (A)가 "The concept of laissez faire is often paired with capitalism"으로 자본주의와 연결하며, (B)가 "Therefore… there is no need for government involvement"로 결론을 낸 뒤 현실의 한계를 덧붙인다.

  • "(A)-(B)-(C)": (A)의 "The concept of laissez faire"는 개념이 먼저 정의된 뒤에야 쓸 수 있다.
  • "(A)-(C)-(B)": 정의 (C)가 이미 그 개념을 쓰는 (A) 뒤에 오는 것은 어색하다.
  • "(B)-(C)-(A)": "Therefore"로 시작하는 (B)는 앞에 근거가 있어야 하므로 첫머리에 올 수 없다.
문제 10
문맥상 빈 칸에 공통으로 들어 갈 단어는?
Most people think the world is ( ) to them. They allow events to pass without connecting them to other events. Whatever happens, and there's nothing else to it. Unlike most people, scientists see the world in a very orderly way. They look for what goes with what. Events and conditions are not ( ); they have cause and effect. Scientists everywhere, all the time, see connections because they are looking for connections. What happens when you throw a rock up in the air? It comes back down every time. That is the pattern, the essence of science.
1consistent
2creative
3random
4cruel
정답 및 해설

빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 단어는 "random"(무작위의)이다.

대부분의 사람은 사건을 서로 연결하지 않고 보지만, 과학자는 "Events and conditions are not ( ); they have cause and effect"처럼 인과와 패턴을 본다는 대조이므로, 빈칸은 질서·인과의 반대인 "random"이다.

  • "consistent"(일관된): 과학자의 관점에 해당하므로 대부분의 사람이 보는 세계와 반대다.
  • "creative"(창의적인): 인과 관계 유무와 무관하다.
  • "cruel"(잔인한): 문맥과 관련이 없다.
문제 11
다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Dear Amy,
Don't give up! I know you can do this assignment. I think you need to start by changing the way you look at yourself and your metaphor. You have already come up with many things that are half one thing and half another thing.
I want you to make a list of things that are good combinations of two parts. There are lots of things that are better when they're combined with something else. Here, I'll start your list: peanut butter and jelly are better together than they are apart. And think about all those exciting varieties of hybrid roses.
If you keep on going with this list, I think you can finish the assignment by Friday. If you're still stuck, come and talk to me before then.
Mrs. Thomas
1to inform
2to encourage
3to warn
4to complain
정답 및 해설

글의 목적은 "to encourage"(격려하기 위해)이다.

"Don't give up! I know you can do this assignment"(포기하지 마! 넌 이 과제를 할 수 있어)로 시작해 과제 해결 방법을 제시하고 막히면 찾아오라고 하므로 학생을 격려하는 편지다.

  • "to inform"(알리기 위해): 방법을 알려 주긴 하지만 핵심은 포기하지 말라는 격려다.
  • "to warn"(경고하기 위해): 경고하는 표현이 없다.
  • "to complain"(불평하기 위해): 불만을 제기하는 내용이 없다.
문제 12
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
In sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), a sleeping baby stops breathing and dies. In the United States, SIDS strikes about two of every thousand infants, usually when they are two to four months old. SIDS is less common in cultures where infants and parents sleep in the same bed, suggesting that        may be important. Indeed, about half of apparent SIDS cases maybe accidental suffocations caused when infants lie face down on soft surfaces. Other SIDS cases may stem from problems with brain systems regulating breathing or from exposure to cigarette smoke.
1eating habits
2sleeping position
3domestic violence
4the age of infants
정답 및 해설

빈칸에 들어갈 말은 "sleeping position"(잠자는 자세)이다.

빈칸 뒤 "accidental suffocations caused when infants lie face down on soft surfaces"(엎드려 누울 때 생기는 질식)가 근거로 이어지므로, 잠자는 자세가 중요하다는 내용이 맞다.

  • "eating habits"(식습관): 지문에 식습관 관련 언급이 없다.
  • "domestic violence"(가정 폭력): 지문과 무관하다.
  • "the age of infants"(영아의 나이): 나이는 언급되지만 같은 침대에서 자는 문화와의 관련성을 설명하지 못한다.
문제 13
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
We humans are not bad at smelling. We can distinguish about 10,000 different smells, and we do it in just a few milliseconds. But we use our brains for all kinds of other things, like interpreting images from our eyes and engaging in a variety of mental activities. Other animals don’t have this kind of distraction, so their sense of smell is much better than ours. Sharks, for example, can smell 10,000 times better than we do. Salmon are even better. It is known that they can smell 30,000 times better than us. Many scientists believe that's how they smell their way back home when they are ready to give birth. For fish like these, the whole world must be full of patterns of scents. By contrast, for us, the world is full of patterns of sights.
1Who Smells Best?
2Smell and Birth Home
3What Smell means to animals
4The Mental Activities of Human
정답 및 해설

글의 제목은 "Who Smells Best?"(누가 냄새를 가장 잘 맡는가?)가 가장 적절하다.

인간의 후각 능력을 소개한 뒤 상어는 인간보다 훨씬 낫고 "Salmon are even better"(연어는 더 낫다)처럼 동물 간 후각 능력을 비교하는 글이다.

  • "Smell and Birth Home": 연어의 귀향은 비교 중 나온 일부 예시다.
  • "What Smell means to animals": 동물에게 냄새가 갖는 의미보다 후각 능력의 차이가 중심이다.
  • "The Mental Activities of Human": 정신 활동은 인간의 후각이 상대적으로 덜 발달한 이유로만 언급된다.
문제 14
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Some societies have a custom called the couvade. The couvade is a ceremony in which the husband acts as if he is suffering from labor pains at the same time that his wife actually gives birth. Although no one seems able to explain fully the meaning of the couvade, there are several theories. According to one, the couvade is a way of warding off evil spirits. In effect, the husband directs attention away from his wife and toward himself. Another theory speculates that the couvade is a way of publicly identifying the father so that his paternity will not be in doubt.
1the meaning of giving birth in some societies
2the theories explaining the meaning of couvade
3the superstition some people have in giving birth
4the importance of husband sharing the pain of giving birth
정답 및 해설

글의 주제는 "the theories explaining the meaning of couvade"(쿠바드의 의미를 설명하는 이론들)이다.

쿠바드를 소개한 뒤 "there are several theories"라고 하고, 악령을 쫓는다는 이론과 아버지임을 공개적으로 확인한다는 이론을 차례로 제시한다.

  • "the meaning of giving birth in some societies": 출산 자체의 의미가 아니라 남편이 하는 의식의 의미를 다룬다.
  • "the superstition some people have in giving birth": 악령 이론은 여러 이론 중 하나일 뿐이다.
  • "the importance of husband sharing the pain of giving birth": 고통 분담의 중요성을 주장하는 글이 아니다.
문제 15
주어진 문장에 이어질 글의 순서로 알맞은 것은?
The Taj Mahal was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 because of its architectural splendor.
(A) Since the Taj Mahal is not only a famous tourist attraction but also a masterpiece in the history of architecture, the efforts to preserve it should be continued.
(B) Therefore, recently, industries have moved farther away from the site in an attempt to retain the quality of its facade.
(C) But its brilliance has faded over the years, mainly due to air pollution of the Agra area.
1B-A-C
2C-A-B
3B-C-A
4C-B-A
정답 및 해설

올바른 순서는 "C-B-A"이다.

주어진 문장이 타지마할의 건축적 장관을 말하자 (C)가 "But its brilliance has faded"로 대기오염에 의한 훼손을 제시하고, (B)가 "Therefore"로 산업시설 이전 대책을, (A)가 보존 노력이 계속되어야 한다는 결론을 맺는다.

  • "B-A-C": "Therefore"로 시작하는 (B) 앞에 원인이 되는 오염 문제가 먼저 나와야 한다.
  • "C-A-B": 결론 (A) 뒤에 대책 (B)가 오면 "Therefore"의 연결이 어색하다.
  • "B-C-A": 대책 (B)가 문제 제기 (C)보다 앞설 수 없다.
문제 16
다음 글에서 필자의 태도로 가장 알맞은 것은?
Habitat for humanity is a program aimed at eliminating substandard housing homelessness around the world. Habitat employees and dedicated volunteers work together to build new homes and renovate old ones that are then sold at no profit to families in need. The Habitat volunteers are rewarded with a keen sense of accomplishment and strong bonds of friendship. New volunteers are needed throughout the country to continue the work of this wonderful organization. No special building skills are required. Wouldn't you like to join the thousands who have enabled more than 300,000 people around the world to live in sturdy, decent housing?
1compassionate
2admiring
3criticizing
4lighthearted
문제 17
다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Conjoined twins are usually classified into three basic categories depending on       .
Twins of the first type are conjoined in a way that never involves the heart or the midline of the body. For example, about 2 percent of all conjoined twins are attached at the head only, and about 19 percent are joined at the buttocks. Twins of the second type are always joined in a way that involves the midline of the body. Many twins joined at the midline share a heart. Around 35 percent are fused together at the upper half of the trunk. Another 30 percent are joined at the lower half of their bodies. Finally, the third major type of conjoined twins includes the very rare forms. In this category are those in which one twin is smaller, less formed, and dependent on the other, as well as the cases involving one twin born completely within the body of his or her sibling.
1the time when they are joined
2the reason why they are joined
3the point where they are joined
4whether they are attached at the head
정답 및 해설

빈칸에 들어갈 말은 "the point where they are joined"(결합된 부위)이다.

첫째 유형은 머리·엉덩이처럼 심장이나 몸의 중심선과 무관한 부위, 둘째 유형은 몸의 중심선이 관련된 부위로 결합되어 있어 결합 위치에 따라 분류함을 알 수 있다.

  • "the time when they are joined": 결합 시기에 대한 언급이 없다.
  • "the reason why they are joined": 결합 원인은 다루지 않는다.
  • "whether they are attached at the head": 머리 결합은 첫째 유형의 한 예에 불과하다.
문제 18
글의 흐름상 ___친 부분이 문맥에 맞지 않는 것은?
We should endeavor to give our children a wholesome variety of mental food, and to cultivate their tastes and ①stimulate their interests, rather than to fill their minds with dry facts. The important thing is not so much that every child should be taught, as that every child should be given the wish to ②learn. What does it matter if the pupil knows a little more or a little less? A boy who leaves school knowing ③less, but hating his lessons, will soon have forgotten almost all he ever learnt; while another who has acquired a thirst for ④knowledge, even if he had learnt little, will soon teach himself more than the first ever knew.
1stimulate
2learn
3less
4knowledge
정답 및 해설

문맥에 맞지 않는 것은 "less"로, "more"가 되어야 한다.

뒤의 학생이 "even if he had learnt little"(배운 것이 적더라도) 결국 앞 학생보다 더 많이 알게 된다는 대조이므로, 앞의 학생은 더 많이 알고 떠나지만 공부를 싫어하는 학생이어야 한다.

  • "stimulate"(자극하다): 아이들의 흥미를 자극한다는 뜻으로 자연스럽다.
  • "learn"(배우다): 모든 아이가 배우고 싶은 마음을 갖게 해야 한다는 요지와 맞다.
  • "knowledge"(지식): 지식에 대한 갈증을 얻은 학생이라는 뜻으로 적절하다.
문제 19
___친 priorities에 해당하지 않는 것은?
I am honored and deeply humbled to take the oath of office as your governor for the next four years. My priorities are clear. We will focus on creating jobs by keeping taxes low and building an advanced transportation system. We will improve access to health-care by allowing doctors to spend more time examining patients. We will continue to invest in the education of our children, all of our children. There are other challenges before us that did not arise yesterday and that will not be solved tomorrow. All the answers may not be found this session, but we will work until they are found.
1better traffic system
2tax cut
3investment in education
4cost of health-care
정답 및 해설

priorities에 해당하지 않는 것은 "cost of health-care"(의료 비용)이다.

의료 분야의 우선 과제는 "improve access to health-care by allowing doctors to spend more time examining patients"(의료 접근성 개선)이며, 비용에 대한 언급은 없다.

  • "better traffic system": "building an advanced transportation system"에 해당한다.
  • "tax cut": "keeping taxes low"에 해당한다.
  • "investment in education": "continue to invest in the education of our children"에 해당한다.
문제 20
다음 글의 San Francisco에 대한 내용으로 옳지 않은 것은?
What can you expect when you arrive in San Francisco? High rent! Rents have been rising for the last few years, and it doesn't seem as if they will come down. Everybody complains about the high cost of living in San Francisco, but few complain about the quality of life here. San Francisco is a most active city, and also many people say that it is the "most European city" in the United States. I've never seen any European city like San Francisco that can take so many different cultures so comfortably.
1People have to pay much money when renting a house.
2Many people think that the quality of life is not good.
3The city is said to be very lively.
4Many different cultures are mixed harmoniously.
정답 및 해설

옳지 않은 것은 "Many people think that the quality of life is not good."이다.

지문은 "few complain about the quality of life here"(이곳의 삶의 질에 불평하는 사람은 거의 없다)라고 하므로 반대 내용이다.

  • "People have to pay much money when renting a house.": "High rent!"와 집세가 계속 오른다는 내용과 일치한다.
  • "The city is said to be very lively.": "San Francisco is a most active city"와 일치한다.
  • "Many different cultures are mixed harmoniously.": "take so many different cultures so comfortably"와 일치한다.
문제 21
___친 (A), (B)의 표현 중, 어법에 맞는 것끼리 짝지어진 것은?
When seeking to understand a foreign culture, although we tend to focus in rituals and practices, there is also much to (A)learn / be learned from observing what people don't do. In this sense, knowing what people don't eat can be an integral part of a balanced comprehension of their society. Examining the motivation behind food taboos can provide us with illuminating perspective on the feelings and beliefs of people we may otherwise find strange. (B)Who / What we are is reflected in what we won't eat, as well as what we will.

(A) (B)
1learn --- What
2be learned --- Who
3learn --- Who
4be learned --- What
문제 22
다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
While European artists had developed a tradition of working in a realistic style, other cultures had a long tradition of abstract art form. Some native American artists also work in an abstract style. Navajo Indian artists make abstract paintings that do not use oil paints, watercolors, or any kind of wet materials. Their artworks are called sand paintings because the artist's materials are crushed charcoal, cornmeal, crushed rocks, and sand. The artist makes a sand painting by pouring these materials onto the ground according to one of hundreds of traditional designs. It is a delicate task to make this kind of artwork because, as you can imagine, once the materials are poured it is very hard to correct mistakes.
1아메리카 원주민 예술가들은 추상적인 양식으로 작업을 한다.
2나바호 인디언은 석탄 부순 것, 모래 등을 사용하여 예술 작품을 만든다.
3모래그림은 재료들을 땅에 쏟아 부어 전통 문양에 맞게 그려진다.
4재료를 땅에 쏟은 후 잘못된 부분의 수정이 섬세하게 이루어진다.
정답 및 해설

일치하지 않는 것은 "재료를 땅에 쏟은 후 잘못된 부분의 수정이 섬세하게 이루어진다."이다.

지문은 "once the materials are poured it is very hard to correct mistakes"(재료를 쏟고 나면 실수를 고치기가 매우 어렵다)라고 하므로 수정이 이루어진다는 내용은 틀리다.

  • 아메리카 원주민 예술가의 추상 양식: "Some native American artists also work in an abstract style"과 일치한다.
  • 석탄 부순 것·모래 등의 재료: "crushed charcoal, cornmeal, crushed rocks, and sand"와 일치한다.
  • 땅에 쏟아 전통 문양대로 그리기: "pouring these materials onto the ground according to one of hundreds of traditional designs"와 일치한다.
문제 23
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 알맞은 것은?
Thousands of discarded computers from Western Europe and the U.S.A. arrive in the ports of West Africa every day, ending up in massive toxic dumps, where children burn and pull them apart to extract metals for cash. The exportation of the developed world's electronic trash, or e-waste, is in direct violation of international legislation and is causing serious health problems for the inhabitants of the area. Apparently, dishonest waste merchants unload millions of tons of dangerous waste in the developing world by claiming that it will be used in schools and hospitals. Campaigners are calling for better policing of the ban on exports of e-waste, which can release lead, mercury, and other dangerous chemicals.
1Illegal disposal of electronic waste
2Campaign for recycling computers
3Banning of toxic dumps in Africa
4Benefits of discarding e-waste
정답 및 해설

글의 제목은 "Illegal disposal of electronic waste"(전자 폐기물의 불법 처리)가 가장 알맞다.

선진국의 전자 폐기물이 서아프리카에 버려지는 것이 "in direct violation of international legislation"(국제법을 직접 위반)이며 주민 건강을 해친다는 내용으로, 불법 투기 문제가 중심이다.

  • "Campaign for recycling computers": 운동가들은 재활용이 아니라 수출 금지의 단속 강화를 요구한다.
  • "Banning of toxic dumps in Africa": 금지 대상은 아프리카의 매립지가 아니라 전자 폐기물 수출이다.
  • "Benefits of discarding e-waste": 전자 폐기물 투기의 해악을 다루므로 반대다.
문제 24
다음 글에 드러난 필자의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Driving home through the quiet lane early one morning, my headlights picked out a shape in the middle of the road. Only at the last moment did the shape turn its head and look straight at me. The owl apparently neither heard nor saw my car coming. It was too late. There was nothing I could do. There was a horrible sound as I hit the bird head-on. I thought about stopping to see if it was lying injured yet alive by the side of the road, but decided that it wouldn't have stood a chance. I tried to put the incident out of my mind as I drove home, only to be confronted a new horror when I got out of the car. The evening had taken a distinctively dreadful turn. I discovered that the owl had gotten stuck in my radiator grill.
1bored and indifferent
2curious and anticipating
3shocked and disgusted
4relieved and encouraged
정답 및 해설

필자의 심경은 "shocked and disgusted"(충격받고 역겨운)가 가장 적절하다.

올빼미를 정면으로 치며 "There was a horrible sound"(끔찍한 소리)를 들었고, 집에 와서는 "a new horror"로 올빼미가 라디에이터 그릴에 박혀 있는 것을 발견해 충격과 혐오를 느낀다.

  • "bored and indifferent"(지루하고 무관심한): 사고를 잊으려 애쓸 만큼 동요했다.
  • "curious and anticipating"(궁금하고 기대하는): 기대할 만한 상황이 아니다.
  • "relieved and encouraged"(안도하고 고무된): 마지막에 더 끔찍한 상황을 맞으므로 반대다.
문제 25
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Avalanches are among the world’s most dangerous natural disasters. Fortunately, they usually occur in remote mountain areas, where they threaten neither human life nor property.
(A) Suddenly they were overtaken by an avalanche that left only a few survivors. Three members of the party were buried in the snow. When, after almost half a century, the bodies were found, they were perfectly preserved.
(B) They were so well preserved, in fact, that a surviving member of the original party, by then an old man, was able to recognize them.
(C) Occasionally, however, an avalanche can strike without warning, taking hikers and skiers by surprise. This is precisely what happened more than a century ago when a small group of mountain climbers tried to scale the huge alpine peak Mont Blanc.
1(A)-(C)-(B)
2(B)-(A)-(C)
3(B)-(C)-(A)
4(C)-(A)-(B)
정답 및 해설

올바른 순서는 "(C)-(A)-(B)"이다.

주어진 글이 눈사태가 보통 외딴 곳에서 일어난다고 하자 (C)가 "Occasionally, however"로 예고 없이 사람을 덮치는 경우와 몽블랑 등반대 사례를 꺼내고, (A)가 눈사태로 묻힌 대원들의 시신이 반세기 후 온전히 발견되었다고 하며, (B)가 "They were so well preserved"로 생존 대원이 알아볼 정도였다고 마무리한다.

  • "(A)-(C)-(B)": (A)의 "they"가 가리킬 등반대가 (C)에서 먼저 소개되어야 한다.
  • "(B)-(A)-(C)": (B)의 "so well preserved"는 (A)의 "perfectly preserved" 뒤에 와야 한다.
  • "(B)-(C)-(A)": 보존 상태를 말하는 (B)가 사건 소개보다 앞설 수 없다.