[법원직 9급 영어] 18년 1회차
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제 전 회차를 한 권으로 — PDF 전자책(문제집·정답해설집)
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제

18년 1회차

총 25문항 · 객관식 · A4 약 1장

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A4정답 포함
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제모두CBT · moducbt.com

18년 1회차

총 25문항 · 객관식 · 정답·해설 포함
문제 1
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Short-term stress can boost your productivity and immunity. But when stress lingers, you may find yourself struggling. People show some signs when they suffer from more stress than is healthy. First, you can’t concentrate. In times of stress, your body goes into fight or flight mode, pouring its efforts into keeping safe from danger. That's why it may be hard to concentrate on a single task, and you're more likely to get distracted. "The brain's response becomes all about survival", says Heidi Hanna, author of Stressaholic: 5 Steps to Transform Your Relationship with Stress. "The fear response takes up all the energy of the brain for how to protect yourself." Second, you tend to get pessimistic. Because you're primed for survival, your brain has more circuits to pay attention to negatives than to positives. "When you're feeling overwhelmed by the chaos of life, take time to appreciate everything that's going well. You have to be intentional about practicing positivity", Hanna says.
1Advantages of short-term stress
2Why people keep distracted
3Dangers of pessimism
4Signs of excessive stress
정답 및 해설

글의 주제는 지나친 스트레스의 징후("Signs of excessive stress")이다.

"People show some signs when they suffer from more stress than is healthy"(건강한 수준 이상의 스트레스를 받으면 징후가 나타난다)라고 밝힌 뒤 First(집중력 저하), Second(비관적 경향)로 징후를 나열한다.

  • "Advantages of short-term stress"(단기 스트레스의 장점) — 첫 문장의 도입일 뿐 글의 중심이 아니다.
  • "Why people keep distracted"(사람들이 산만해지는 이유) — 첫 번째 징후의 세부 내용에 그친다.
  • "Dangers of pessimism"(비관주의의 위험) — 두 번째 징후의 일부일 뿐이다.
문제 2
다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Sometimes, the meaning of analogies may not be obvious. For instance, what comes to mind when you hear the phrase "white elephant" or "black sheep"? The expression "white elephant" comes from Thailand. Long ago, in Thailand, white elephants were very rare. Whenever one was found, it was given to the king. The king would then give it as a royal "gift" to someone he did not like since the beautiful animal cost a fortune to take care of. Nobody could refuse such a present, but it could financially ruin its owner. Moreover, it was a serious crime to mistreat a present from the king. Even riding it was not allowed, so a white elephant was almost useless. The expression, introduced in England in the 18th century, turned out to be useful for describing (A) but (B) public buildings. Today, it is used to refer to anything that might be (A) and (B) .

(A) (B)
1valuable … unprotected
2costly … worthless
3extravagant … appropriate
4priceless … eco-friendly
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 costly … worthless(비용이 많이 드는 … 쓸모없는)가 들어간다.

흰 코끼리는 "cost a fortune to take care of"(돌보는 데 큰돈이 든다)이고, 타는 것조차 금지되어 "almost useless"(거의 쓸모없는) 존재였다. 따라서 이 표현은 비싸지만 쓸모없는 공공건물이나 물건을 가리킨다.

  • "valuable … unprotected"(가치 있는 … 보호되지 않은) — 보호 여부는 글의 요지가 아니다.
  • "extravagant … appropriate"(사치스러운 … 적절한) — 쓸모없다는 내용과 반대다.
  • "priceless … eco-friendly"(매우 귀중한 … 친환경적인) — 지문과 관련 없는 내용이다.
문제 3
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
When asked, nearly everyone says the proper response to a compliment is "Thank you". But researchers found that when actually given a compliment, only a third of people accept it so ①simply. The difficulty lies in the fact that every compliment ("What a nice sweater!") has two levels: a gift component (accept or reject) and a content component (agree or disagree). The recipient is confronted with a ②dilemma — how to respond simultaneously to both: "I must agree with the speaker and thank him for the gift of a compliment while avoiding self-praise." Interestingly, women and men are both ③less likely to accept a compliment coming from a man than from a woman. When a man says, "Nice scarf," a woman is more likely to respond ④affirmatively: "Thanks. My sister knitted it for me." But when one woman tells another, "That's a beautiful sweater," the recipient is likely to disagree or deflect. "It was on sale, and they didn’t even have the colour I wanted."
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

문맥상 어색한 낱말은 "less"이며, "more"로 고쳐야 한다.

뒤에서 남성이 칭찬하면 여성은 "respond affirmatively"(긍정적으로 반응)하고, 여성이 칭찬하면 "disagree or deflect"(부인하거나 피한다)한다고 했다. 즉 남성에게서 받은 칭찬을 더 잘 받아들이므로 "less likely"는 논리에 맞지 않는다.

  • "simply"(단순히) — "Thank you"라고만 답하는 사람이 3분의 1뿐이라는 흐름에 맞다.
  • "dilemma"(딜레마) — 동의·감사와 자화자찬 회피를 동시에 해야 하는 곤란한 처지를 가리킨다.
  • "affirmatively"(긍정적으로) — "Thanks."라고 답하는 예시와 일치한다.
문제 4
다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The chairperson should seek to have a progressive discussion that leads towards a consensus view. As the discussion develops, the chairperson should be searching to find the direction in which the weight of members’ views is pointing. If, (A) , there are five members and the chair senses that two want to follow course A and a third follow course B, the focus should quickly be turned towards the remaining two members. The chair turns to member 4. If he or she wants course A, the chairperson simply has the job of getting first the other neutral (member 5) and then the dissenting member 3 to assent to the fact that course A is the majority view. If, (B) , member 4 wants course B, then member 5’s view is the critical one, which the chairperson must now bring in. And so, very quickly, you can sense where the balance of opinion is pointing, and lead the meeting towards unanimous assent.
*consensus 의견 일치 **unanimous 만장일치의

(A) (B)
1whereas likewise
2for example therefore
3whereas for instance
4for example on the other hand
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 for example … on the other hand가 들어간다.

(A) 앞은 의장이 다수 의견의 방향을 찾아야 한다는 일반론이고, 뒤는 다섯 명의 위원이라는 구체적 사례이므로 예시의 "for example"이 알맞다. (B)는 네 번째 위원(member 4)이 A안을 원하는 경우와 반대로 B안을 원하는 경우를 대비하므로 대조의 "on the other hand"가 알맞다.

  • "whereas likewise" — (A)에 대조 접속사는 맞지 않고, (B)도 유사가 아닌 대조 관계다.
  • "for example therefore" — (B)는 앞 내용의 결과가 아니라 반대 상황이다.
  • "whereas for instance" — (A)는 예시, (B)는 대조여서 순서가 뒤바뀌었다.
문제 5
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
As early as 525 BCE, a Greek named Theagenes, who lived in southern Italy, identified myths as scientific analogies or allegories -- an attempt to explain natural occurrences that people could not understand. To him, for instance, the mythical stories of gods fighting among themselves were allegories representing the forces of nature that oppose each other, such as fire and water. This is clearly the source of a great many explanatory or "causal" myths, beginning with the accounts found in every society or civilization that explain the creation of the universe, the world, and humanity. These "scientific" myths attempted to explain seasons, the rising and setting of the sun, the course of the stars. Myths like these were, in some ways, the forerunners of science. Old mythical explanations for the workings of nature began to be replaced by a rational attempt to understand the world, especially in the remarkable era of Greek science and philosophy that began about 500 BCE.
1Myths: Basis of Scientific Inquiry
2Dispelling the Myths about Science
3How Are Creation Myths Universal?
4How Much Myths Affect Our World Views
정답 및 해설

제목은 "Myths: Basis of Scientific Inquiry"(신화: 과학적 탐구의 기초)가 가장 적절하다.

신화를 자연 현상을 설명하려는 "scientific analogies"(과학적 유추)로 보았고, "Myths like these were ... the forerunners of science"(이런 신화는 과학의 선구자였다)라고 결론짓는다.

  • "Dispelling the Myths about Science"(과학에 관한 오해 불식) — myth를 오해의 뜻으로 바꾼 함정이다.
  • "How Are Creation Myths Universal?"(창조 신화는 어떻게 보편적인가) — 창조 신화는 예시의 일부일 뿐이다.
  • "How Much Myths Affect Our World Views"(신화가 세계관에 미치는 영향) — 현재의 세계관은 다루지 않는다.
문제 6
다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
Every year in early October, Helsinki's harbor changes into a lively, colorful set for the Baltic Herring Festival, first held in 1743. Fishermen from all over Finland bring their latest catch to Helsinki to take part in one of Finland's oldest festivals. Sellers in bright orange tents line the harbor and sell herring in every imaginable form: fried, pickled, smoked, in bottles, in cans, in soup, on pizza, and in sandwiches. The choices are endless. On the first day of the festival, competitions are held to select the most delicious seasoned herring and the best herring surprise. Herring surprise is a traditional dish made with herring, cheese, and onions. The winner of each competition is awarded a trophy.
1The festival has been held in every second year since 1743.
2Sellers set up orange tents along the harbor and sell herring.
3The competition of the festival is limited to Helsinki residents.
4A trophy is only given to the winner of the best herring surprise.
정답 및 해설

글과 일치하는 것은 "Sellers set up orange tents along the harbor and sell herring."이다.

"Sellers in bright orange tents line the harbor and sell herring"(밝은 주황색 텐트의 상인들이 항구를 따라 늘어서 청어를 판다)과 내용이 같다.

  • "held in every second year since 1743"(1743년 이후 격년 개최) — "Every year"(매년) 열린다고 했다.
  • "limited to Helsinki residents"(헬싱키 주민으로 제한) — "Fishermen from all over Finland"(핀란드 전역의 어부)가 참가한다.
  • "only given to the winner of the best herring surprise"(herring surprise 우승자에게만 수여) — "The winner of each competition"(각 대회 우승자)에게 트로피가 주어진다.
문제 7
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
As a youngster I shared a bedroom with my older sister. Although the age difference was slight, in intellect and maturity she viewed me from across the great divide. Her serious academic and cultural pursuits contrasted sharply with my activities of closely monitoring the radio shows. Because of these ①dissimilar interests and the limited resource of one bedroom between us, we frequently had conflict over what constituted disturbing and inconsiderate behavior. For months, there were attempts to ②compromise by "splitting the difference" in our divergent viewpoints or practicing "share and share alike." Even with written schedules and agreements plus parental mediation, the controversy persisted. Ultimately the matter was ③aggravated when we both came to recognize that considerable time and energy were being wasted as we maneuvered and positioned ourselves for the next mathematical compromise. With recognition of a ④common interest in solving the problem for our mutual benefit, we were able to think beyond physical resources of space, hours, and materials. The satisfying solution that met both of our needs was the purchase of earphones for the radio.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

문맥상 어색한 낱말은 "aggravated"(악화된)이며, "resolved"(해결된) 같은 말이 와야 한다.

"Ultimately"(결국) 두 사람이 시간과 에너지 낭비를 깨닫고 공동의 이익을 인식해 이어폰 구입으로 해결했으므로, 문제가 악화되었다는 말은 흐름에 맞지 않는다.

  • "dissimilar"(서로 다른) — 언니의 학구적 관심과 라디오 청취가 대조된다는 내용과 맞다.
  • "compromise"(타협하다) — "splitting the difference"(차이를 절충)와 호응한다.
  • "common"(공통의) — "mutual benefit"(상호 이익)과 호응한다.
문제 8
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
One of the most popular of computer games in the world is called Age of Empires. For several months my own ten-year-old son was all but addicted to it. Its organizing premise is that the history of the world is the history of imperial conflict. Rival political entities vie with one another to control finite resources: people, fertile land, forests, gold mines and waterways. In their endless struggles the competing empires must strike a balance between the need for economic development and the exigencies of warfare. The player who is too aggressive soon runs out of resources if he has not taken the trouble to cultivate his existing territory, to expand its population and to accumulate gold. The player who focuses too much on getting rich may find himself __________________ if he meanwhile neglects his defenses.
*exigencies 긴급 사태
1immune to illness
2tolerant to change
3vulnerable to invasion
4addicted to entertainment
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "vulnerable to invasion"(침략에 취약한)이 들어간다.

게임에서는 경제 발전과 전쟁 대비 사이의 균형이 필요하다. 지나치게 공격적이면 자원이 바닥나고, 부에만 집중하며 "neglects his defenses"(방어를 소홀히 하면) 침략에 무방비해진다.

  • "immune to illness"(질병에 면역된) — 방어 소홀의 결과와 무관하다.
  • "tolerant to change"(변화에 관대한) — 문맥과 관련 없다.
  • "addicted to entertainment"(오락에 중독된) — 아들의 게임 중독 이야기를 이용한 함정이다.
문제 9
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Can an old cell phone help save the rainforests? As a matter of fact, it can. Illegal logging in the rainforests has been a problems for years, but not much has been done about it because catching illegal loggers is difficult. ①To help solve this problem, an American engineer, Topher White, invented a device called RFCx with discarded cell phones. ②When the device, which is attached to a tree, picks up the sound of chainsaws, it sends an alert message to the rangers' cell phones. ③This provides the rangers with the information they need to locate the loggers and stop the illegal logging. ④Destruction of the rainforest is caused by logging, farming, mining, and other human activities and among these, logging is the main reason for the nature's loss. The device has been tested in Indonesia and has proven to work well. As a result, it is now being used in the rainforests in Africa and South America.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

흐름과 관계없는 문장은 열대우림 파괴의 원인을 나열한 문장("Destruction of the rainforest is caused by logging, farming, mining ...")이다.

글은 버려진 휴대폰으로 만든 RFCx 장치가 불법 벌목을 막는 방식을 설명하는데, 이 문장은 파괴 원인 일반론으로 화제를 벗어난다.

  • Topher White가 버려진 휴대폰으로 RFCx를 발명했다는 문장 — 문제 해결책을 소개한다.
  • 나무에 붙은 장치가 전기톱 소리를 감지해 경보를 보낸다는 문장 — 작동 원리를 설명한다.
  • 경보 덕분에 산림 감시원이 벌목꾼을 찾을 수 있다는 문장 — 장치의 효과를 설명한다.
문제 10
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
In any symphony, the composer and the conductor have a variety of responsibilities. They must make sure that the brass horns work in synch with the woodwinds, that the percussion instruments don’t drown out the violas. But perfecting those relationships -- important though it is -- is not the ultimate goal of their efforts. What conductors and composers desire is the ability to marshal these relationships into a whole whose magnificence exceeds the sum of its parts. So it is with the high-concept aptitude of Symphony. The boundary crosser, the inventor, and the metaphor maker all understand the importance of relationships. But the Conceptual Age also demands the ability to grasp the relationships between relationships. This meta-ability goes by many names -- systems thinking, gestalt thinking, holistic thinking.
*marshal 모으다, 결집시키다
1The Power of Music
2Seeing the Big Picture
3The Essence of Creativity
4Collaboration Makes a Difference
정답 및 해설

제목은 "Seeing the Big Picture"(큰 그림 보기)가 가장 적절하다.

지휘자가 부분 간의 관계를 넘어 "a whole whose magnificence exceeds the sum of its parts"(부분의 합을 넘는 전체)를 만들어 내듯, 개념의 시대에는 "relationships between relationships"를 파악하는 holistic thinking(전체론적 사고)이 필요하다는 글이다.

  • "The Power of Music"(음악의 힘) — 교향곡은 비유로 쓰였을 뿐이다.
  • "The Essence of Creativity"(창의성의 본질) — 창의성 일반이 아니라 전체를 보는 능력이 핵심이다.
  • "Collaboration Makes a Difference"(협업이 차이를 만든다) — 협업은 다루지 않는다.
문제 11
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
In criminal cases, the burden of proof is often on the prosecutor to persuade the trier (whether judge or jury) ①that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of every element of the crime charged. If the prosecutor fails to prove this, a verdict of not guilty is ②rendered. This standard of proof contrasts with civil cases, ③where the claimant generally needs to show a defendant is liable on the balance of probabilities (more than 50% probable). In the USA, this is ④referring to as the preponderance of the evidence.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "referring"이며, 수동태 "is referred to as"로 고쳐야 한다.

주어 this(민사 사건의 증명 기준인 개연성의 우세)는 "~라고 불리는" 대상이므로 refer to A as B의 수동형이 필요하다.

  • "that" — persuade의 목적어 뒤에 오는 명사절 접속사로 옳다.
  • "rendered" — 평결이 "내려지는" 것이므로 수동태 is rendered가 옳다.
  • "where" — 선행사 civil cases(민사 사건)를 받고 뒤에 완전한 절이 오는 관계부사로 옳다.
문제 12
다음 밑줄 친 This system이 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
In order to meet the demands of each course, Escoffier modernized meal preparation by dividing his kitchens into five different sections. The first section made cold dishes and organized the supplies for the whole kitchen. The second section took care of soups, vegetables, and desserts. The third dealt with dishes that were roasted, grilled, or fried. The fourth section focused only on sauces, and the last was for making pastries. This allowed restaurant kitchens to make their dishes much more quickly than in the past. If a customer ordered eggs Florentine, for example, one section would cook the eggs, another would make the sauce, and yet another would make the pastry. Then, the head chef would assemble the dish before it was served to the customer. This system was so efficient that it is still used in many restaurants today.
1The competition of the different sections in the kitchen
2The extended room for preparing the necessary ingredients
3The distribution of the separate dishes to the customer by the head chef
4The kitchen being divided into different sections to prepare a meal
정답 및 해설

밑줄 친 This system은 "The kitchen being divided into different sections to prepare a meal"(식사 준비를 위해 주방을 여러 구역으로 나눈 것)을 뜻한다.

Escoffier는 "dividing his kitchens into five different sections"(주방을 다섯 구역으로 나눔)로 요리를 분담해 속도를 높였고, 이 방식이 오늘날에도 쓰인다고 했다.

  • "The competition of the different sections"(구역 간 경쟁) — 경쟁이 아니라 분업이다.
  • "The extended room for preparing the necessary ingredients"(재료 준비 공간 확장) — 공간 확장은 언급되지 않는다.
  • "The distribution of the separate dishes to the customer by the head chef"(주방장의 요리 배분) — 주방장은 요리를 조립(assemble)할 뿐 시스템 전체를 가리키지 않는다.
문제 13
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
McAdams makes an important point about identity: It is a story you tell about yourself to make sense out of what has happened in the past and the kind of person you are now. From this perspective, it is not essential that the story be true. I see myself as culturally adventurous (that is, high on openness). I happen to believe this is true -- that is, compared with others, I would be relatively open to trying new things on a menu, taking up new activities, visiting new places, and so on. But, from McAdams’s perspective, when we’re talking about identity, whether our beliefs about ourselves are true or not is pretty much irrelevant.
⇩
According to McAdams, our identity is a(n) (A)
that we create, which in itself may or may not be (B) .

(A) (B)
1adventure exciting
2image visible
3door available
4narrative factual
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 narrative … factual(이야기 … 사실인)이 들어간다.

McAdams는 정체성을 "a story you tell about yourself"(자신에 관해 하는 이야기)라 보았고, "it is not essential that the story be true"(그 이야기가 사실일 필요는 없다)고 했다. 따라서 정체성은 사실일 수도 아닐 수도 있는 이야기다.

  • "adventure … exciting"(모험 … 흥미로운) — 필자의 모험적 성향은 예시일 뿐이다.
  • "image … visible"(이미지 … 눈에 보이는) — 가시성은 다루지 않는다.
  • "door … available"(문 … 이용 가능한) — 지문과 관련 없다.
문제 14
다음 밑줄 친 단어(어구)가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 셋과 다른 것은?
Watson had been watching ①his companion intently ever since he had sat down to the breakfast table. Holmes happened to look up and catch his eye.
"Well, Watson, what are you thinking about?" he asked.
"About you."
"②Me?"
"Yes, Holmes. I was thinking how superficial are these tricks of yours, and how wonderful it is that the public should continue to show interest in them."
"I quite agree," said Holmes. "In fact, I have a recollection that I have ③myself made a similar remark."
"Your methods," said Watson severely, "are really easily acquired."
"No doubt", Holmes answered with a smile. "Perhaps you will ④yourself give an example of this method of reasoning."
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

가리키는 대상이 다른 것은 "yourself"로, Watson을 가리킨다.

Holmes가 Watson에게 "Perhaps you will yourself give an example"(자네가 직접 예를 보여 주게)이라고 말하는 부분이므로 yourself는 Watson이다.

  • "his companion" — Watson이 바라보던 동반자, 곧 Holmes다.
  • "Me" — "About you."에 Holmes가 되묻는 말이므로 Holmes다.
  • "myself" — Holmes가 자신도 비슷한 말을 했다고 하는 부분이므로 Holmes다.
문제 15
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
In the 1860s, the populations of Manhattan and Brooklyn were rapidly increasing, and ①so was the number of the commuters between them. Thousands of people took boats and ferries across the East River every day, but these forms of transport were unstable and frequently stopped by bad weather. Many New Yorkers wanted to have a bridge directly ②connected Manhattan and Brooklyn because it would make their commute quicker and safer. Unfortunately,
because of the East River's great width and rough tides, ③it would be difficult to build anything on it. It was also a very busy river at that time, with hundreds of ships constantly ④sailing on it.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "connected"이며, 현재분사 "connecting"으로 고쳐야 한다.

다리가 맨해튼과 브루클린을 "연결하는" 능동 관계이고 뒤에 목적어 Manhattan and Brooklyn이 있으므로, a bridge를 수식하는 분사는 능동의 현재분사가 되어야 한다.

  • "so was" — 긍정문에 동의하는 "so + 동사 + 주어" 도치로, 주어 the number에 맞춰 단수 was가 옳다.
  • "it" — to부정사 to build ...를 대신하는 가주어로 옳다.
  • "sailing" — with + 목적어 + 분사 구문에서 배가 "항해하는" 능동이므로 옳다.
문제 16
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
In recent years, peer-peer (P2P) lending has ①become the poster child of the alternative finance industry. In a 2015 report Morgan Stanley predicted that such marketplace lending ②would command $150 billion to $490 billion globally by 2020. P2P lending is the practice of lending money to individuals or businesses through online services that match lenders-investors directly with borrowers, ③enabled both parties to go around traditional providers such as banks. Lenders typically achieve better rates of return, while borrowers — individuals and SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) — get access to flexible and competitively priced loans. For investors, the benefits are attractive. Being ④matched with a borrower can take anywhere from a few days to a few hours. And where a bank might typically earn under 2% on personal lending, P2P returns can be more than three times that.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "enabled"이며, 현재분사 "enabling"으로 고쳐야 한다.

앞 절 전체(온라인 서비스가 대출자와 차입자를 직접 연결함)가 양측이 은행을 우회하도록 "가능하게 하는" 능동 관계이고, 뒤에 목적어 both parties가 있으므로 분사구문의 태는 능동이어야 한다.

  • "become" — has와 결합한 현재완료 has become으로 옳다.
  • "would" — 과거 시점 predicted에 맞춘 시제 일치로 옳다.
  • "matched" — 투자자가 차입자와 "연결되는" 수동이므로 Being matched가 옳다.
문제 17
다음 글에 드러난 " I "의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
So when I stood at the plate in that Old Timers game, staring at a pitcher whose hair was gray, and when he threw what used to be his fastball but what now was just a pitch that floated in toward my chest, and when I swung and made contact and heard the familiar thwock, and I dropped my bat and began to run, convinced that I had done something fabulous, forgetting my old gauges, forgetting that my arms and legs lacked the power they once had, forgetting that you age, the walls get farther away, and when I looked up and saw what I had first thought to be a solid hit, maybe a home run, now coming down just beyond the infield toward the waiting glove of the second baseman, no more than a pop-up, a wet firecracker, a dud, and a voice in my head yelled, "Drop it! Drop it!" as that second baseman squeezed his glove around my final offering to this maddening game.
1jealous
2delighted
3passionate
4disappointed
정답 및 해설

"I"의 심경은 "disappointed"(실망한)가 가장 적절하다.

안타라고 생각해 달렸지만 공은 "no more than a pop-up, a wet firecracker, a dud"(내야 뜬공, 불발탄에 지나지 않는)였고, "Drop it! Drop it!"(떨어뜨려!)라고 속으로 외칠 만큼 낙담한다.

  • "jealous"(질투하는) — 남을 시기하는 내용은 없다.
  • "delighted"(기뻐하는) — 처음의 기대가 무너진 결말과 반대다.
  • "passionate"(열정적인) — 결말에서 드러나는 감정은 실망이다.
문제 18
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
In our daily, conscious activity we generally experience a ①separation between the mind and the body. We think about our bodies and our physical actions. Animals do not experience this division. When we start to learn any skill that has a physical component, this separation becomes even ②less apparent. We have to think about the various actions involved, the steps we have to follow. We are aware of our slowness and of how our bodies respond in an awkward way. At certain points, as we ③improve, we have glimpses of how this process could function differently, of how it might feel to practice the skill fluidly, with the mind not getting in the way of the body. With such glimpses, we know what to aim for. If we take our practice far enough the skill becomes ④automatic, and we have the sensation that the mind and the body are operating as one.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

문맥상 어색한 낱말은 "less"이며, "more"로 고쳐야 한다.

신체적 기술을 처음 배울 때는 여러 동작과 단계를 의식하고 몸이 어색하게 반응함을 느끼므로, 마음과 몸의 분리가 덜 분명해지는 것이 아니라 더 분명해진다.

  • "separation"(분리) — 일상에서 마음과 몸이 분리되어 있다는 도입과 맞다.
  • "improve"(향상되다) — 실력이 늘면서 유연한 수행을 엿본다는 흐름과 맞다.
  • "automatic"(자동적인) — 충분히 연습하면 마음과 몸이 하나로 움직인다는 결론과 맞다.
문제 19
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
In 2000, scientists at Harvard University suggested a neurological way of ①explaining Mona Lisa’s elusive smile. When a viewer looks at her eyes, the mouth is in peripheral vision, ②which sees in black and white. This accentuates the shadows at the corners of her mouth, making the smile ③seems broader. But the smile diminishes when you look straight at it. It is the variability of her smile, the fact that it changes when you look away from it, ④that makes her smile so alive, so mysterious.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "seems"이며, 동사원형 "seem"으로 고쳐야 한다.

사역동사 make + 목적어 + 동사원형 구문이므로 making the smile seem broader가 되어야 한다.

  • "explaining" — 전치사 of의 목적어인 동명사로 옳다.
  • "which" — 선행사 peripheral vision을 받는 계속적 용법의 관계대명사로 옳다.
  • "that" — It is ... that 강조구문으로 the variability of her smile을 강조하므로 옳다.
문제 20
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
So around about the time we are two, our brains will already have distinct and individual patterns.

When we are babies our brains develop in relationship with our earliest caregivers. Whatever feelings and thought processes they give to us are mirrored, reacted to and laid down in our growing brains. ( ① ) When things go well, our parents and caregivers also mirror and validate our moods and mental states, acknowledging and responding to what we are feeling. ( ② ) It is then that our left brains mature sufficiently to be able to understand language. ( ③ ) This dual development enables us to integrate our two brains, to some extent. ( ④ ) We become able to begin to use the left brain to put into language the feelings of the right.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 양육자가 기분과 정신 상태를 반영하고 인정해 준다는 문장 뒤, "It is then that our left brains mature"(바로 그때 좌뇌가 성숙한다) 앞에 들어가야 한다.

주어진 문장의 "around about the time we are two"(두 살 무렵)를 다음 문장의 It is then(바로 그때)이 받는다. 또한 So로 앞선 양육자와의 상호작용의 결과를 정리한다.

  • 양육자의 감정과 사고가 뇌에 새겨진다는 문장 뒤 — 이어지는 "When things go well"은 그 과정의 설명이 계속되는 부분이라 결론(So)이 끼어들 자리가 아니다.
  • 좌뇌가 언어를 이해할 만큼 성숙한다는 문장 뒤 — "This dual development"가 바로 앞의 두 발달을 받아야 하므로 끊을 수 없다.
  • 두 뇌를 통합한다는 문장 뒤 — 이미 두 살 무렵의 발달이 설명된 뒤라 시간 표지가 어긋난다.
문제 21
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
Nowadays, it is much easier to find out where you are and which way to go because you have one of the world's greatest inventions at your fingertips.

For thousands of years, humans had difficulty trying to figure out where they were. ( ① ) So, they devoted a great
deal of time and effort to resolving this problem. ( ② ) They drew complicated maps, constructed great landmarks to keep themselves on the right path, and even learned to navigate by looking up at the stars. ( ③ ) As long as you have a Global Positioning System(GPS) receiver, you never have to worry about taking a wrong turn. ( ④ ) Your GPS receiver can tell you your exact location and give you directions to wherever you need to go, no matter where you are on the planet!
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 별을 보고 길을 찾았다는 문장 뒤, "As long as you have a Global Positioning System(GPS) receiver" 앞에 들어가야 한다.

과거 인류의 길 찾기 노력(지도·랜드마크·별)에서 Nowadays(오늘날)로 전환하며 "one of the world’s greatest inventions"를 소개하고, 그 발명품이 다음 문장의 GPS로 구체화된다.

  • 인류가 위치 파악에 어려움을 겪었다는 문장 뒤 — 이어지는 So 문장이 그 어려움의 결과를 설명하므로 끊을 수 없다.
  • 많은 시간과 노력을 들였다는 문장 뒤 — 그 노력의 구체적 내용(지도·랜드마크·별)이 아직 나오지 않았다.
  • GPS를 걱정 없이 쓴다는 문장 뒤 — GPS가 이미 소개된 뒤라 발명품을 처음 언급하는 주어진 문장이 올 수 없다.
문제 22
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
A great ad is a wonderful thing; it’s why you love advertising. But what you’re looking at is only half of what’s there, and the part you can’t see has more to do with that ad’s success than the part you can. Before those surface features (the terrific headline or visual or storyline or characters or voiceover or whatever) can work their wonders, the ad has to have something to say, something that matters. Either it addresses real consumer motives and real consumer problems, or it speaks to no one. To make great ads, then, you have to start where they start: with ______________________.
1the effective tool
2the invisible part
3the corporate needs
4the surface features
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "the invisible part"(보이지 않는 부분)가 들어간다.

광고의 성공은 표면적 특징보다 "the part you can’t see"(볼 수 없는 부분), 곧 실제 소비자의 동기와 문제를 다루는 전할 메시지에 달려 있으므로, 훌륭한 광고는 그 부분에서 출발해야 한다.

  • "the effective tool"(효과적인 도구) — 도구는 언급되지 않는다.
  • "the corporate needs"(기업의 요구) — 글은 기업이 아니라 소비자의 동기와 문제를 강조한다.
  • "the surface features"(표면적 특징) — 오히려 그보다 먼저 갖춰야 할 것을 말하는 글이다.
문제 23
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
Wham-O, the visionary toy company known for its Hula-Hoops bought the rights a year later and renamed the flying disc Frisbee.

Walter Fredrick Morrison and his girlfriend, Lucile Nay, discovered that flying discs were marketable when a stranger asked to buy the metal cake pan they were flipping through the air on a beach in California. ( ① ) By 1938, the couple were selling the 5-cent pans for 25 cents a piece. ( ② )
Later, Morrison tried his hand at developing a flying disc far better than that of a flying cake pan. ( ③ ) Together with Franscioni, he created the Pluto Platter. ( ④ ) By the mid-1960s it got so popular that you could see a Frisbee stuck on almost every roof of houses.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 Franscioni와 함께 Pluto Platter를 만들었다는 문장 뒤, "By the mid-1960s it got so popular" 앞에 들어가야 한다.

주어진 문장의 "a year later"(1년 뒤)는 Pluto Platter 제작 시점을 기준으로 하며, 이름을 Frisbee로 바꾼 뒤에야 다음 문장의 "it"과 "a Frisbee"가 자연스럽게 이어진다.

  • 낯선 사람이 케이크 팬을 사겠다고 한 문장 뒤 — 아직 판매 단계로 이어지는 이야기다.
  • 케이크 팬을 25센트에 팔았다는 문장 뒤 — 권리를 살 비행 원반이 아직 개발되지 않았다.
  • 더 나은 원반 개발을 시도했다는 문장 뒤 — 다음 문장에서 Pluto Platter가 만들어져야 Wham-O가 권리를 살 수 있다.
문제 24
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Paradoxically, the initial discovery of an interest often goes unnoticed by the discoverer. In other words, when you just start to get interested in something, you may not even realize that’s what’s happening. The emotion of boredom is always self-conscious -- you know it when you feel it -- but when your attention is attracted to a new activity or experience, you may have very little reflective appreciation of what’s happening to you. This means that, at the start of a new endeavor, asking yourself nervously every few days whether you’ve found your passion is ___________.
1relevant
2necessary
3premature
4uncommon
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "premature"(시기상조인)가 들어간다.

흥미의 최초 발견은 "often goes unnoticed"(종종 알아차리지 못한다)하므로, 새로운 일을 시작한 직후 열정을 찾았는지 며칠마다 초조하게 묻는 것은 너무 이르다.

  • "relevant"(적절한) — 아직 알아차릴 수 없는 시점이라 적절하지 않다는 글의 논지와 반대다.
  • "necessary"(필요한) — 오히려 불필요하다는 흐름이다.
  • "uncommon"(흔치 않은) — 빈도는 글의 논점이 아니다.
문제 25
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
After lots of trial and error, Richard finally created a system of flashing LED lights, ①powered by an old car battery that was charged by a solar panel. Richard set the lights up along the fence. At night, the lights could be seen from outside the stable and took turns flashing, ②which appeared as if people were moving around with torches. Never again ③lions crossed Richard's fence. Richard called his system Lion Lights. This simple and practical device did no harm to lions, so human beings, cattle, and lions were finally able to make peace with ④one another.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "lions crossed"이며, "did lions cross"로 고쳐야 한다.

부정어 "Never again"이 문두에 오면 도치가 일어나 "조동사 + 주어 + 동사원형" 어순이 된다. 일반동사 과거형이므로 did를 써야 한다.

  • "powered" — LED 조명이 배터리에 의해 "작동되는" 수동이므로 과거분사가 옳다.
  • "which" — 앞 절 전체(조명이 번갈아 깜박임)를 받는 계속적 용법의 관계대명사로 옳다.
  • "one another" — 사람·소·사자 셋 이상의 상호 관계이므로 옳다.
법원직 9급 영어 기출문제모두CBT · moducbt.com
18년 1회차
총 25문항 · 객관식 · 정답·해설 포함
문제 1
다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Short-term stress can boost your productivity and immunity. But when stress lingers, you may find yourself struggling. People show some signs when they suffer from more stress than is healthy. First, you can’t concentrate. In times of stress, your body goes into fight or flight mode, pouring its efforts into keeping safe from danger. That's why it may be hard to concentrate on a single task, and you're more likely to get distracted. "The brain's response becomes all about survival", says Heidi Hanna, author of Stressaholic: 5 Steps to Transform Your Relationship with Stress. "The fear response takes up all the energy of the brain for how to protect yourself." Second, you tend to get pessimistic. Because you're primed for survival, your brain has more circuits to pay attention to negatives than to positives. "When you're feeling overwhelmed by the chaos of life, take time to appreciate everything that's going well. You have to be intentional about practicing positivity", Hanna says.
1Advantages of short-term stress
2Why people keep distracted
3Dangers of pessimism
4Signs of excessive stress
정답 및 해설

글의 주제는 지나친 스트레스의 징후("Signs of excessive stress")이다.

"People show some signs when they suffer from more stress than is healthy"(건강한 수준 이상의 스트레스를 받으면 징후가 나타난다)라고 밝힌 뒤 First(집중력 저하), Second(비관적 경향)로 징후를 나열한다.

  • "Advantages of short-term stress"(단기 스트레스의 장점) — 첫 문장의 도입일 뿐 글의 중심이 아니다.
  • "Why people keep distracted"(사람들이 산만해지는 이유) — 첫 번째 징후의 세부 내용에 그친다.
  • "Dangers of pessimism"(비관주의의 위험) — 두 번째 징후의 일부일 뿐이다.
문제 2
다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Sometimes, the meaning of analogies may not be obvious. For instance, what comes to mind when you hear the phrase "white elephant" or "black sheep"? The expression "white elephant" comes from Thailand. Long ago, in Thailand, white elephants were very rare. Whenever one was found, it was given to the king. The king would then give it as a royal "gift" to someone he did not like since the beautiful animal cost a fortune to take care of. Nobody could refuse such a present, but it could financially ruin its owner. Moreover, it was a serious crime to mistreat a present from the king. Even riding it was not allowed, so a white elephant was almost useless. The expression, introduced in England in the 18th century, turned out to be useful for describing (A) but (B) public buildings. Today, it is used to refer to anything that might be (A) and (B) .

(A) (B)
1valuable … unprotected
2costly … worthless
3extravagant … appropriate
4priceless … eco-friendly
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 costly … worthless(비용이 많이 드는 … 쓸모없는)가 들어간다.

흰 코끼리는 "cost a fortune to take care of"(돌보는 데 큰돈이 든다)이고, 타는 것조차 금지되어 "almost useless"(거의 쓸모없는) 존재였다. 따라서 이 표현은 비싸지만 쓸모없는 공공건물이나 물건을 가리킨다.

  • "valuable … unprotected"(가치 있는 … 보호되지 않은) — 보호 여부는 글의 요지가 아니다.
  • "extravagant … appropriate"(사치스러운 … 적절한) — 쓸모없다는 내용과 반대다.
  • "priceless … eco-friendly"(매우 귀중한 … 친환경적인) — 지문과 관련 없는 내용이다.
문제 3
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
When asked, nearly everyone says the proper response to a compliment is "Thank you". But researchers found that when actually given a compliment, only a third of people accept it so ①simply. The difficulty lies in the fact that every compliment ("What a nice sweater!") has two levels: a gift component (accept or reject) and a content component (agree or disagree). The recipient is confronted with a ②dilemma — how to respond simultaneously to both: "I must agree with the speaker and thank him for the gift of a compliment while avoiding self-praise." Interestingly, women and men are both ③less likely to accept a compliment coming from a man than from a woman. When a man says, "Nice scarf," a woman is more likely to respond ④affirmatively: "Thanks. My sister knitted it for me." But when one woman tells another, "That's a beautiful sweater," the recipient is likely to disagree or deflect. "It was on sale, and they didn’t even have the colour I wanted."
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

문맥상 어색한 낱말은 "less"이며, "more"로 고쳐야 한다.

뒤에서 남성이 칭찬하면 여성은 "respond affirmatively"(긍정적으로 반응)하고, 여성이 칭찬하면 "disagree or deflect"(부인하거나 피한다)한다고 했다. 즉 남성에게서 받은 칭찬을 더 잘 받아들이므로 "less likely"는 논리에 맞지 않는다.

  • "simply"(단순히) — "Thank you"라고만 답하는 사람이 3분의 1뿐이라는 흐름에 맞다.
  • "dilemma"(딜레마) — 동의·감사와 자화자찬 회피를 동시에 해야 하는 곤란한 처지를 가리킨다.
  • "affirmatively"(긍정적으로) — "Thanks."라고 답하는 예시와 일치한다.
문제 4
다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The chairperson should seek to have a progressive discussion that leads towards a consensus view. As the discussion develops, the chairperson should be searching to find the direction in which the weight of members’ views is pointing. If, (A) , there are five members and the chair senses that two want to follow course A and a third follow course B, the focus should quickly be turned towards the remaining two members. The chair turns to member 4. If he or she wants course A, the chairperson simply has the job of getting first the other neutral (member 5) and then the dissenting member 3 to assent to the fact that course A is the majority view. If, (B) , member 4 wants course B, then member 5’s view is the critical one, which the chairperson must now bring in. And so, very quickly, you can sense where the balance of opinion is pointing, and lead the meeting towards unanimous assent.
*consensus 의견 일치 **unanimous 만장일치의

(A) (B)
1whereas likewise
2for example therefore
3whereas for instance
4for example on the other hand
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 for example … on the other hand가 들어간다.

(A) 앞은 의장이 다수 의견의 방향을 찾아야 한다는 일반론이고, 뒤는 다섯 명의 위원이라는 구체적 사례이므로 예시의 "for example"이 알맞다. (B)는 네 번째 위원(member 4)이 A안을 원하는 경우와 반대로 B안을 원하는 경우를 대비하므로 대조의 "on the other hand"가 알맞다.

  • "whereas likewise" — (A)에 대조 접속사는 맞지 않고, (B)도 유사가 아닌 대조 관계다.
  • "for example therefore" — (B)는 앞 내용의 결과가 아니라 반대 상황이다.
  • "whereas for instance" — (A)는 예시, (B)는 대조여서 순서가 뒤바뀌었다.
문제 5
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
As early as 525 BCE, a Greek named Theagenes, who lived in southern Italy, identified myths as scientific analogies or allegories -- an attempt to explain natural occurrences that people could not understand. To him, for instance, the mythical stories of gods fighting among themselves were allegories representing the forces of nature that oppose each other, such as fire and water. This is clearly the source of a great many explanatory or "causal" myths, beginning with the accounts found in every society or civilization that explain the creation of the universe, the world, and humanity. These "scientific" myths attempted to explain seasons, the rising and setting of the sun, the course of the stars. Myths like these were, in some ways, the forerunners of science. Old mythical explanations for the workings of nature began to be replaced by a rational attempt to understand the world, especially in the remarkable era of Greek science and philosophy that began about 500 BCE.
1Myths: Basis of Scientific Inquiry
2Dispelling the Myths about Science
3How Are Creation Myths Universal?
4How Much Myths Affect Our World Views
정답 및 해설

제목은 "Myths: Basis of Scientific Inquiry"(신화: 과학적 탐구의 기초)가 가장 적절하다.

신화를 자연 현상을 설명하려는 "scientific analogies"(과학적 유추)로 보았고, "Myths like these were ... the forerunners of science"(이런 신화는 과학의 선구자였다)라고 결론짓는다.

  • "Dispelling the Myths about Science"(과학에 관한 오해 불식) — myth를 오해의 뜻으로 바꾼 함정이다.
  • "How Are Creation Myths Universal?"(창조 신화는 어떻게 보편적인가) — 창조 신화는 예시의 일부일 뿐이다.
  • "How Much Myths Affect Our World Views"(신화가 세계관에 미치는 영향) — 현재의 세계관은 다루지 않는다.
문제 6
다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
Every year in early October, Helsinki's harbor changes into a lively, colorful set for the Baltic Herring Festival, first held in 1743. Fishermen from all over Finland bring their latest catch to Helsinki to take part in one of Finland's oldest festivals. Sellers in bright orange tents line the harbor and sell herring in every imaginable form: fried, pickled, smoked, in bottles, in cans, in soup, on pizza, and in sandwiches. The choices are endless. On the first day of the festival, competitions are held to select the most delicious seasoned herring and the best herring surprise. Herring surprise is a traditional dish made with herring, cheese, and onions. The winner of each competition is awarded a trophy.
1The festival has been held in every second year since 1743.
2Sellers set up orange tents along the harbor and sell herring.
3The competition of the festival is limited to Helsinki residents.
4A trophy is only given to the winner of the best herring surprise.
정답 및 해설

글과 일치하는 것은 "Sellers set up orange tents along the harbor and sell herring."이다.

"Sellers in bright orange tents line the harbor and sell herring"(밝은 주황색 텐트의 상인들이 항구를 따라 늘어서 청어를 판다)과 내용이 같다.

  • "held in every second year since 1743"(1743년 이후 격년 개최) — "Every year"(매년) 열린다고 했다.
  • "limited to Helsinki residents"(헬싱키 주민으로 제한) — "Fishermen from all over Finland"(핀란드 전역의 어부)가 참가한다.
  • "only given to the winner of the best herring surprise"(herring surprise 우승자에게만 수여) — "The winner of each competition"(각 대회 우승자)에게 트로피가 주어진다.
문제 7
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
As a youngster I shared a bedroom with my older sister. Although the age difference was slight, in intellect and maturity she viewed me from across the great divide. Her serious academic and cultural pursuits contrasted sharply with my activities of closely monitoring the radio shows. Because of these ①dissimilar interests and the limited resource of one bedroom between us, we frequently had conflict over what constituted disturbing and inconsiderate behavior. For months, there were attempts to ②compromise by "splitting the difference" in our divergent viewpoints or practicing "share and share alike." Even with written schedules and agreements plus parental mediation, the controversy persisted. Ultimately the matter was ③aggravated when we both came to recognize that considerable time and energy were being wasted as we maneuvered and positioned ourselves for the next mathematical compromise. With recognition of a ④common interest in solving the problem for our mutual benefit, we were able to think beyond physical resources of space, hours, and materials. The satisfying solution that met both of our needs was the purchase of earphones for the radio.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

문맥상 어색한 낱말은 "aggravated"(악화된)이며, "resolved"(해결된) 같은 말이 와야 한다.

"Ultimately"(결국) 두 사람이 시간과 에너지 낭비를 깨닫고 공동의 이익을 인식해 이어폰 구입으로 해결했으므로, 문제가 악화되었다는 말은 흐름에 맞지 않는다.

  • "dissimilar"(서로 다른) — 언니의 학구적 관심과 라디오 청취가 대조된다는 내용과 맞다.
  • "compromise"(타협하다) — "splitting the difference"(차이를 절충)와 호응한다.
  • "common"(공통의) — "mutual benefit"(상호 이익)과 호응한다.
문제 8
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
One of the most popular of computer games in the world is called Age of Empires. For several months my own ten-year-old son was all but addicted to it. Its organizing premise is that the history of the world is the history of imperial conflict. Rival political entities vie with one another to control finite resources: people, fertile land, forests, gold mines and waterways. In their endless struggles the competing empires must strike a balance between the need for economic development and the exigencies of warfare. The player who is too aggressive soon runs out of resources if he has not taken the trouble to cultivate his existing territory, to expand its population and to accumulate gold. The player who focuses too much on getting rich may find himself __________________ if he meanwhile neglects his defenses.
*exigencies 긴급 사태
1immune to illness
2tolerant to change
3vulnerable to invasion
4addicted to entertainment
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "vulnerable to invasion"(침략에 취약한)이 들어간다.

게임에서는 경제 발전과 전쟁 대비 사이의 균형이 필요하다. 지나치게 공격적이면 자원이 바닥나고, 부에만 집중하며 "neglects his defenses"(방어를 소홀히 하면) 침략에 무방비해진다.

  • "immune to illness"(질병에 면역된) — 방어 소홀의 결과와 무관하다.
  • "tolerant to change"(변화에 관대한) — 문맥과 관련 없다.
  • "addicted to entertainment"(오락에 중독된) — 아들의 게임 중독 이야기를 이용한 함정이다.
문제 9
다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Can an old cell phone help save the rainforests? As a matter of fact, it can. Illegal logging in the rainforests has been a problems for years, but not much has been done about it because catching illegal loggers is difficult. ①To help solve this problem, an American engineer, Topher White, invented a device called RFCx with discarded cell phones. ②When the device, which is attached to a tree, picks up the sound of chainsaws, it sends an alert message to the rangers' cell phones. ③This provides the rangers with the information they need to locate the loggers and stop the illegal logging. ④Destruction of the rainforest is caused by logging, farming, mining, and other human activities and among these, logging is the main reason for the nature's loss. The device has been tested in Indonesia and has proven to work well. As a result, it is now being used in the rainforests in Africa and South America.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

흐름과 관계없는 문장은 열대우림 파괴의 원인을 나열한 문장("Destruction of the rainforest is caused by logging, farming, mining ...")이다.

글은 버려진 휴대폰으로 만든 RFCx 장치가 불법 벌목을 막는 방식을 설명하는데, 이 문장은 파괴 원인 일반론으로 화제를 벗어난다.

  • Topher White가 버려진 휴대폰으로 RFCx를 발명했다는 문장 — 문제 해결책을 소개한다.
  • 나무에 붙은 장치가 전기톱 소리를 감지해 경보를 보낸다는 문장 — 작동 원리를 설명한다.
  • 경보 덕분에 산림 감시원이 벌목꾼을 찾을 수 있다는 문장 — 장치의 효과를 설명한다.
문제 10
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
In any symphony, the composer and the conductor have a variety of responsibilities. They must make sure that the brass horns work in synch with the woodwinds, that the percussion instruments don’t drown out the violas. But perfecting those relationships -- important though it is -- is not the ultimate goal of their efforts. What conductors and composers desire is the ability to marshal these relationships into a whole whose magnificence exceeds the sum of its parts. So it is with the high-concept aptitude of Symphony. The boundary crosser, the inventor, and the metaphor maker all understand the importance of relationships. But the Conceptual Age also demands the ability to grasp the relationships between relationships. This meta-ability goes by many names -- systems thinking, gestalt thinking, holistic thinking.
*marshal 모으다, 결집시키다
1The Power of Music
2Seeing the Big Picture
3The Essence of Creativity
4Collaboration Makes a Difference
정답 및 해설

제목은 "Seeing the Big Picture"(큰 그림 보기)가 가장 적절하다.

지휘자가 부분 간의 관계를 넘어 "a whole whose magnificence exceeds the sum of its parts"(부분의 합을 넘는 전체)를 만들어 내듯, 개념의 시대에는 "relationships between relationships"를 파악하는 holistic thinking(전체론적 사고)이 필요하다는 글이다.

  • "The Power of Music"(음악의 힘) — 교향곡은 비유로 쓰였을 뿐이다.
  • "The Essence of Creativity"(창의성의 본질) — 창의성 일반이 아니라 전체를 보는 능력이 핵심이다.
  • "Collaboration Makes a Difference"(협업이 차이를 만든다) — 협업은 다루지 않는다.
문제 11
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
In criminal cases, the burden of proof is often on the prosecutor to persuade the trier (whether judge or jury) ①that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of every element of the crime charged. If the prosecutor fails to prove this, a verdict of not guilty is ②rendered. This standard of proof contrasts with civil cases, ③where the claimant generally needs to show a defendant is liable on the balance of probabilities (more than 50% probable). In the USA, this is ④referring to as the preponderance of the evidence.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "referring"이며, 수동태 "is referred to as"로 고쳐야 한다.

주어 this(민사 사건의 증명 기준인 개연성의 우세)는 "~라고 불리는" 대상이므로 refer to A as B의 수동형이 필요하다.

  • "that" — persuade의 목적어 뒤에 오는 명사절 접속사로 옳다.
  • "rendered" — 평결이 "내려지는" 것이므로 수동태 is rendered가 옳다.
  • "where" — 선행사 civil cases(민사 사건)를 받고 뒤에 완전한 절이 오는 관계부사로 옳다.
문제 12
다음 밑줄 친 This system이 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
In order to meet the demands of each course, Escoffier modernized meal preparation by dividing his kitchens into five different sections. The first section made cold dishes and organized the supplies for the whole kitchen. The second section took care of soups, vegetables, and desserts. The third dealt with dishes that were roasted, grilled, or fried. The fourth section focused only on sauces, and the last was for making pastries. This allowed restaurant kitchens to make their dishes much more quickly than in the past. If a customer ordered eggs Florentine, for example, one section would cook the eggs, another would make the sauce, and yet another would make the pastry. Then, the head chef would assemble the dish before it was served to the customer. This system was so efficient that it is still used in many restaurants today.
1The competition of the different sections in the kitchen
2The extended room for preparing the necessary ingredients
3The distribution of the separate dishes to the customer by the head chef
4The kitchen being divided into different sections to prepare a meal
정답 및 해설

밑줄 친 This system은 "The kitchen being divided into different sections to prepare a meal"(식사 준비를 위해 주방을 여러 구역으로 나눈 것)을 뜻한다.

Escoffier는 "dividing his kitchens into five different sections"(주방을 다섯 구역으로 나눔)로 요리를 분담해 속도를 높였고, 이 방식이 오늘날에도 쓰인다고 했다.

  • "The competition of the different sections"(구역 간 경쟁) — 경쟁이 아니라 분업이다.
  • "The extended room for preparing the necessary ingredients"(재료 준비 공간 확장) — 공간 확장은 언급되지 않는다.
  • "The distribution of the separate dishes to the customer by the head chef"(주방장의 요리 배분) — 주방장은 요리를 조립(assemble)할 뿐 시스템 전체를 가리키지 않는다.
문제 13
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
McAdams makes an important point about identity: It is a story you tell about yourself to make sense out of what has happened in the past and the kind of person you are now. From this perspective, it is not essential that the story be true. I see myself as culturally adventurous (that is, high on openness). I happen to believe this is true -- that is, compared with others, I would be relatively open to trying new things on a menu, taking up new activities, visiting new places, and so on. But, from McAdams’s perspective, when we’re talking about identity, whether our beliefs about ourselves are true or not is pretty much irrelevant.
⇩
According to McAdams, our identity is a(n) (A)
that we create, which in itself may or may not be (B) .

(A) (B)
1adventure exciting
2image visible
3door available
4narrative factual
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 narrative … factual(이야기 … 사실인)이 들어간다.

McAdams는 정체성을 "a story you tell about yourself"(자신에 관해 하는 이야기)라 보았고, "it is not essential that the story be true"(그 이야기가 사실일 필요는 없다)고 했다. 따라서 정체성은 사실일 수도 아닐 수도 있는 이야기다.

  • "adventure … exciting"(모험 … 흥미로운) — 필자의 모험적 성향은 예시일 뿐이다.
  • "image … visible"(이미지 … 눈에 보이는) — 가시성은 다루지 않는다.
  • "door … available"(문 … 이용 가능한) — 지문과 관련 없다.
문제 14
다음 밑줄 친 단어(어구)가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 셋과 다른 것은?
Watson had been watching ①his companion intently ever since he had sat down to the breakfast table. Holmes happened to look up and catch his eye.
"Well, Watson, what are you thinking about?" he asked.
"About you."
"②Me?"
"Yes, Holmes. I was thinking how superficial are these tricks of yours, and how wonderful it is that the public should continue to show interest in them."
"I quite agree," said Holmes. "In fact, I have a recollection that I have ③myself made a similar remark."
"Your methods," said Watson severely, "are really easily acquired."
"No doubt", Holmes answered with a smile. "Perhaps you will ④yourself give an example of this method of reasoning."
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

가리키는 대상이 다른 것은 "yourself"로, Watson을 가리킨다.

Holmes가 Watson에게 "Perhaps you will yourself give an example"(자네가 직접 예를 보여 주게)이라고 말하는 부분이므로 yourself는 Watson이다.

  • "his companion" — Watson이 바라보던 동반자, 곧 Holmes다.
  • "Me" — "About you."에 Holmes가 되묻는 말이므로 Holmes다.
  • "myself" — Holmes가 자신도 비슷한 말을 했다고 하는 부분이므로 Holmes다.
문제 15
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
In the 1860s, the populations of Manhattan and Brooklyn were rapidly increasing, and ①so was the number of the commuters between them. Thousands of people took boats and ferries across the East River every day, but these forms of transport were unstable and frequently stopped by bad weather. Many New Yorkers wanted to have a bridge directly ②connected Manhattan and Brooklyn because it would make their commute quicker and safer. Unfortunately,
because of the East River's great width and rough tides, ③it would be difficult to build anything on it. It was also a very busy river at that time, with hundreds of ships constantly ④sailing on it.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "connected"이며, 현재분사 "connecting"으로 고쳐야 한다.

다리가 맨해튼과 브루클린을 "연결하는" 능동 관계이고 뒤에 목적어 Manhattan and Brooklyn이 있으므로, a bridge를 수식하는 분사는 능동의 현재분사가 되어야 한다.

  • "so was" — 긍정문에 동의하는 "so + 동사 + 주어" 도치로, 주어 the number에 맞춰 단수 was가 옳다.
  • "it" — to부정사 to build ...를 대신하는 가주어로 옳다.
  • "sailing" — with + 목적어 + 분사 구문에서 배가 "항해하는" 능동이므로 옳다.
문제 16
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
In recent years, peer-peer (P2P) lending has ①become the poster child of the alternative finance industry. In a 2015 report Morgan Stanley predicted that such marketplace lending ②would command $150 billion to $490 billion globally by 2020. P2P lending is the practice of lending money to individuals or businesses through online services that match lenders-investors directly with borrowers, ③enabled both parties to go around traditional providers such as banks. Lenders typically achieve better rates of return, while borrowers — individuals and SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) — get access to flexible and competitively priced loans. For investors, the benefits are attractive. Being ④matched with a borrower can take anywhere from a few days to a few hours. And where a bank might typically earn under 2% on personal lending, P2P returns can be more than three times that.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "enabled"이며, 현재분사 "enabling"으로 고쳐야 한다.

앞 절 전체(온라인 서비스가 대출자와 차입자를 직접 연결함)가 양측이 은행을 우회하도록 "가능하게 하는" 능동 관계이고, 뒤에 목적어 both parties가 있으므로 분사구문의 태는 능동이어야 한다.

  • "become" — has와 결합한 현재완료 has become으로 옳다.
  • "would" — 과거 시점 predicted에 맞춘 시제 일치로 옳다.
  • "matched" — 투자자가 차입자와 "연결되는" 수동이므로 Being matched가 옳다.
문제 17
다음 글에 드러난 " I "의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
So when I stood at the plate in that Old Timers game, staring at a pitcher whose hair was gray, and when he threw what used to be his fastball but what now was just a pitch that floated in toward my chest, and when I swung and made contact and heard the familiar thwock, and I dropped my bat and began to run, convinced that I had done something fabulous, forgetting my old gauges, forgetting that my arms and legs lacked the power they once had, forgetting that you age, the walls get farther away, and when I looked up and saw what I had first thought to be a solid hit, maybe a home run, now coming down just beyond the infield toward the waiting glove of the second baseman, no more than a pop-up, a wet firecracker, a dud, and a voice in my head yelled, "Drop it! Drop it!" as that second baseman squeezed his glove around my final offering to this maddening game.
1jealous
2delighted
3passionate
4disappointed
정답 및 해설

"I"의 심경은 "disappointed"(실망한)가 가장 적절하다.

안타라고 생각해 달렸지만 공은 "no more than a pop-up, a wet firecracker, a dud"(내야 뜬공, 불발탄에 지나지 않는)였고, "Drop it! Drop it!"(떨어뜨려!)라고 속으로 외칠 만큼 낙담한다.

  • "jealous"(질투하는) — 남을 시기하는 내용은 없다.
  • "delighted"(기뻐하는) — 처음의 기대가 무너진 결말과 반대다.
  • "passionate"(열정적인) — 결말에서 드러나는 감정은 실망이다.
문제 18
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
In our daily, conscious activity we generally experience a ①separation between the mind and the body. We think about our bodies and our physical actions. Animals do not experience this division. When we start to learn any skill that has a physical component, this separation becomes even ②less apparent. We have to think about the various actions involved, the steps we have to follow. We are aware of our slowness and of how our bodies respond in an awkward way. At certain points, as we ③improve, we have glimpses of how this process could function differently, of how it might feel to practice the skill fluidly, with the mind not getting in the way of the body. With such glimpses, we know what to aim for. If we take our practice far enough the skill becomes ④automatic, and we have the sensation that the mind and the body are operating as one.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

문맥상 어색한 낱말은 "less"이며, "more"로 고쳐야 한다.

신체적 기술을 처음 배울 때는 여러 동작과 단계를 의식하고 몸이 어색하게 반응함을 느끼므로, 마음과 몸의 분리가 덜 분명해지는 것이 아니라 더 분명해진다.

  • "separation"(분리) — 일상에서 마음과 몸이 분리되어 있다는 도입과 맞다.
  • "improve"(향상되다) — 실력이 늘면서 유연한 수행을 엿본다는 흐름과 맞다.
  • "automatic"(자동적인) — 충분히 연습하면 마음과 몸이 하나로 움직인다는 결론과 맞다.
문제 19
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
In 2000, scientists at Harvard University suggested a neurological way of ①explaining Mona Lisa’s elusive smile. When a viewer looks at her eyes, the mouth is in peripheral vision, ②which sees in black and white. This accentuates the shadows at the corners of her mouth, making the smile ③seems broader. But the smile diminishes when you look straight at it. It is the variability of her smile, the fact that it changes when you look away from it, ④that makes her smile so alive, so mysterious.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "seems"이며, 동사원형 "seem"으로 고쳐야 한다.

사역동사 make + 목적어 + 동사원형 구문이므로 making the smile seem broader가 되어야 한다.

  • "explaining" — 전치사 of의 목적어인 동명사로 옳다.
  • "which" — 선행사 peripheral vision을 받는 계속적 용법의 관계대명사로 옳다.
  • "that" — It is ... that 강조구문으로 the variability of her smile을 강조하므로 옳다.
문제 20
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
So around about the time we are two, our brains will already have distinct and individual patterns.

When we are babies our brains develop in relationship with our earliest caregivers. Whatever feelings and thought processes they give to us are mirrored, reacted to and laid down in our growing brains. ( ① ) When things go well, our parents and caregivers also mirror and validate our moods and mental states, acknowledging and responding to what we are feeling. ( ② ) It is then that our left brains mature sufficiently to be able to understand language. ( ③ ) This dual development enables us to integrate our two brains, to some extent. ( ④ ) We become able to begin to use the left brain to put into language the feelings of the right.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 양육자가 기분과 정신 상태를 반영하고 인정해 준다는 문장 뒤, "It is then that our left brains mature"(바로 그때 좌뇌가 성숙한다) 앞에 들어가야 한다.

주어진 문장의 "around about the time we are two"(두 살 무렵)를 다음 문장의 It is then(바로 그때)이 받는다. 또한 So로 앞선 양육자와의 상호작용의 결과를 정리한다.

  • 양육자의 감정과 사고가 뇌에 새겨진다는 문장 뒤 — 이어지는 "When things go well"은 그 과정의 설명이 계속되는 부분이라 결론(So)이 끼어들 자리가 아니다.
  • 좌뇌가 언어를 이해할 만큼 성숙한다는 문장 뒤 — "This dual development"가 바로 앞의 두 발달을 받아야 하므로 끊을 수 없다.
  • 두 뇌를 통합한다는 문장 뒤 — 이미 두 살 무렵의 발달이 설명된 뒤라 시간 표지가 어긋난다.
문제 21
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
Nowadays, it is much easier to find out where you are and which way to go because you have one of the world's greatest inventions at your fingertips.

For thousands of years, humans had difficulty trying to figure out where they were. ( ① ) So, they devoted a great
deal of time and effort to resolving this problem. ( ② ) They drew complicated maps, constructed great landmarks to keep themselves on the right path, and even learned to navigate by looking up at the stars. ( ③ ) As long as you have a Global Positioning System(GPS) receiver, you never have to worry about taking a wrong turn. ( ④ ) Your GPS receiver can tell you your exact location and give you directions to wherever you need to go, no matter where you are on the planet!
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 별을 보고 길을 찾았다는 문장 뒤, "As long as you have a Global Positioning System(GPS) receiver" 앞에 들어가야 한다.

과거 인류의 길 찾기 노력(지도·랜드마크·별)에서 Nowadays(오늘날)로 전환하며 "one of the world’s greatest inventions"를 소개하고, 그 발명품이 다음 문장의 GPS로 구체화된다.

  • 인류가 위치 파악에 어려움을 겪었다는 문장 뒤 — 이어지는 So 문장이 그 어려움의 결과를 설명하므로 끊을 수 없다.
  • 많은 시간과 노력을 들였다는 문장 뒤 — 그 노력의 구체적 내용(지도·랜드마크·별)이 아직 나오지 않았다.
  • GPS를 걱정 없이 쓴다는 문장 뒤 — GPS가 이미 소개된 뒤라 발명품을 처음 언급하는 주어진 문장이 올 수 없다.
문제 22
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
A great ad is a wonderful thing; it’s why you love advertising. But what you’re looking at is only half of what’s there, and the part you can’t see has more to do with that ad’s success than the part you can. Before those surface features (the terrific headline or visual or storyline or characters or voiceover or whatever) can work their wonders, the ad has to have something to say, something that matters. Either it addresses real consumer motives and real consumer problems, or it speaks to no one. To make great ads, then, you have to start where they start: with ______________________.
1the effective tool
2the invisible part
3the corporate needs
4the surface features
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "the invisible part"(보이지 않는 부분)가 들어간다.

광고의 성공은 표면적 특징보다 "the part you can’t see"(볼 수 없는 부분), 곧 실제 소비자의 동기와 문제를 다루는 전할 메시지에 달려 있으므로, 훌륭한 광고는 그 부분에서 출발해야 한다.

  • "the effective tool"(효과적인 도구) — 도구는 언급되지 않는다.
  • "the corporate needs"(기업의 요구) — 글은 기업이 아니라 소비자의 동기와 문제를 강조한다.
  • "the surface features"(표면적 특징) — 오히려 그보다 먼저 갖춰야 할 것을 말하는 글이다.
문제 23
글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
Wham-O, the visionary toy company known for its Hula-Hoops bought the rights a year later and renamed the flying disc Frisbee.

Walter Fredrick Morrison and his girlfriend, Lucile Nay, discovered that flying discs were marketable when a stranger asked to buy the metal cake pan they were flipping through the air on a beach in California. ( ① ) By 1938, the couple were selling the 5-cent pans for 25 cents a piece. ( ② )
Later, Morrison tried his hand at developing a flying disc far better than that of a flying cake pan. ( ③ ) Together with Franscioni, he created the Pluto Platter. ( ④ ) By the mid-1960s it got so popular that you could see a Frisbee stuck on almost every roof of houses.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

주어진 문장은 Franscioni와 함께 Pluto Platter를 만들었다는 문장 뒤, "By the mid-1960s it got so popular" 앞에 들어가야 한다.

주어진 문장의 "a year later"(1년 뒤)는 Pluto Platter 제작 시점을 기준으로 하며, 이름을 Frisbee로 바꾼 뒤에야 다음 문장의 "it"과 "a Frisbee"가 자연스럽게 이어진다.

  • 낯선 사람이 케이크 팬을 사겠다고 한 문장 뒤 — 아직 판매 단계로 이어지는 이야기다.
  • 케이크 팬을 25센트에 팔았다는 문장 뒤 — 권리를 살 비행 원반이 아직 개발되지 않았다.
  • 더 나은 원반 개발을 시도했다는 문장 뒤 — 다음 문장에서 Pluto Platter가 만들어져야 Wham-O가 권리를 살 수 있다.
문제 24
다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Paradoxically, the initial discovery of an interest often goes unnoticed by the discoverer. In other words, when you just start to get interested in something, you may not even realize that’s what’s happening. The emotion of boredom is always self-conscious -- you know it when you feel it -- but when your attention is attracted to a new activity or experience, you may have very little reflective appreciation of what’s happening to you. This means that, at the start of a new endeavor, asking yourself nervously every few days whether you’ve found your passion is ___________.
1relevant
2necessary
3premature
4uncommon
정답 및 해설

빈칸에는 "premature"(시기상조인)가 들어간다.

흥미의 최초 발견은 "often goes unnoticed"(종종 알아차리지 못한다)하므로, 새로운 일을 시작한 직후 열정을 찾았는지 며칠마다 초조하게 묻는 것은 너무 이르다.

  • "relevant"(적절한) — 아직 알아차릴 수 없는 시점이라 적절하지 않다는 글의 논지와 반대다.
  • "necessary"(필요한) — 오히려 불필요하다는 흐름이다.
  • "uncommon"(흔치 않은) — 빈도는 글의 논점이 아니다.
문제 25
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
After lots of trial and error, Richard finally created a system of flashing LED lights, ①powered by an old car battery that was charged by a solar panel. Richard set the lights up along the fence. At night, the lights could be seen from outside the stable and took turns flashing, ②which appeared as if people were moving around with torches. Never again ③lions crossed Richard's fence. Richard called his system Lion Lights. This simple and practical device did no harm to lions, so human beings, cattle, and lions were finally able to make peace with ④one another.
1①
2②
3③
4④
정답 및 해설

어법상 틀린 것은 "lions crossed"이며, "did lions cross"로 고쳐야 한다.

부정어 "Never again"이 문두에 오면 도치가 일어나 "조동사 + 주어 + 동사원형" 어순이 된다. 일반동사 과거형이므로 did를 써야 한다.

  • "powered" — LED 조명이 배터리에 의해 "작동되는" 수동이므로 과거분사가 옳다.
  • "which" — 앞 절 전체(조명이 번갈아 깜박임)를 받는 계속적 용법의 관계대명사로 옳다.
  • "one another" — 사람·소·사자 셋 이상의 상호 관계이므로 옳다.