15년 1회차

South Korea’s Ministry for Foreign Affairs and Trade came under fire for making hundreds of translation errors in overseas trade deals.

Lawmakers in Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and Utah are trying to pass bills that would allow the states to circumvent daylight saving time laws.

Moscow’s annexation of Crimea last year and its meddling in the conflict in eastern Ukraine have galvanized NATO and focused particular attention on its vulnerable Baltic members.

The frequency and severity of corporal punishment varies widely. Parents who sometimes smack their children also use other positive and punitive methods.

The cartoon character SpongeBob SquarePants is ①in a hot water from a study ②suggesting that watching just nine minutes ③of that program can cause short-term attention and learning problems ④in 4-year-olds.

Most European countries failed ①to welcome Jewish refugees ②after the war, which caused ③many Jewish people ④immigrate elsewhere.

It was ①a little past 3 p.m. when 16 people gathered and sat cross-legged in a circle, blushing at the strangers they knew they’d ②be mingling with for the next two hours. Wearing figure-hugging tights and sleeveless tops in ③a variety of shape and size, each person took turns sharing their names and native countries. ④All but five were foreigners from places including the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom.

Most of the art ________ in the museum is from Italy in the 19th century.

A : Do you have any vacancies?
B : I’m sorry. ________________
A : I should have made a reservation.
B : That would have helped.

A : I’m new here at this airport. Where can I get my baggage?
B : Please check at ①carousel number 2.
Do you have anything special in your baggage?
A : I have a 500 watt microwave with a ②carousel.
B : You didn’t have to bring it. Most of the hotels have microwaves.
By the way, what are you planning to do first in your trip to Seattle?
A : I’d like to ride the ③carousel at Miners’ Landing.
Well, what kind of clothing will be the best here at this season?
It’s so chilly.
B : I’d recommend you to wear a ④carousel, then.

In books I had read-from time to time, when the plot called for it-someone would suffer from ( ㉠ ). A person would leave a not so very nice situation and go somewhere else, somewhere a lot better, and then long to go back where it was not very nice. How impatient I would become with such a person, for I would feel that I was in a not so nice situation myself, and how I wanted to go somewhere else. But now I, too, felt that I wanted to be back where I came from. I understood it, I knew where I stood there. If I ( ㉡ ) to draw a picture of my future then, it ( ㉢ ) a large gray patch surrounded by black, blacker, blackest.

In books I had read-from time to time, when the plot called for it-someone would suffer from ( ㉠ ). A person would leave a not so very nice situation and go somewhere else, somewhere a lot better, and then long to go back where it was not very nice. How impatient I would become with such a person, for I would feel that I was in a not so nice situation myself, and how I wanted to go somewhere else. But now I, too, felt that I wanted to be back where I came from. I understood it, I knew where I stood there. If I ( ㉡ ) to draw a picture of my future then, it ( ㉢ ) a large gray patch surrounded by black, blacker, blackest.

(　　) cats cannot see in complete darkness, their eyes are much more sensitive (　　) light than human eyes.

The source of this economic paralysis are somewhat different in the two countries. In Japan, a combination of highly constraining social patterns, consensus-based decision making and an ossified political process have suppressed new ideas and made the country resistant to change. In the U.S., there is no shortage of fresh thinking, debate and outrage-the paralysis is caused by ________ of consensus on how problems should be tackled. In a rich nation like the U.S., it’s easy to be fooled into thinking there’s always more time for problems to get solved. So it has been in Japan. The Japanese are wealthy enough that they don’t suffer too much from the prolonged period of stunted growth.

In late-twentieth-century America, perhaps in the West as a whole, human life is conceived in terms of a basic unit, the autonomous, free, self-determining individual. This is a being understood as possessing a(n)________ selfhood, an inner entity known through a sense of immediacy and plenitude and constituted above all by a self-aware consciousness and an executive will.

Since William Shakespeare lived more than 400 years ago, and many records from that time are lost or never existed in the first place, we don’t know everything about his life. For example, we know that he was baptized in Stratford-upon-Avon, 100 miles northwest of London, on April 26, 1564. But we don’t know his exact birthdate, which must have been a few days earlier. However, we do know that Shakespeare’s life revolved around two locations; Stratford and London. He grew up, had a family, and bought property in Stratford, but he worked in London, the center of English theater. As an actor, a playwright, and a partner in a leading acting company, he became both prosperous and well-known. ________, fans of Shakespeare have imagined and reimagined him according to their own tastes, just as we see with the 19th-century portrait of Shakespeare wooing his wife at the top of this page.

New York City’s Department of Education plans to announce on Wednesday that it will lift the ban on cellphones in schools, a person familiar with the decision said Tuesday. The ban, which was put in place by former Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, has been unpopular among parents, who worry about not being able to contact their children during school hours and in the time just before and after. According to a different news report, under the new policy, principals would decide, in consultation with teachers and parents, on a range of options for cellphone use.

㉠ The Butterfly Defect addresses the widening gap between systemic risks and their effective management.
㉡ But rapid globalization has also created concerns because the repercussions of local events now cascade over national borders and the fallout of financial meltdowns and environmental disasters affects everyone.
㉢ Global hyperconnectivity and increased system integration have led to vast benefits, including worldwide growth in incomes, education, innovation, and technology.
㉣ It shows how the new dynamics of turbo-charged globalization has the potential and power to destabilize our societies.

㉠ Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world.
㉡ Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter.
㉢ It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.
㉣ But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people.

To act well, a person needs to determine which action-guiding statements are true, or likely to be true, and which false, or likely to be false. For it seems reasonable to suppose that a person who is acting in accordance with true statements, and not false ones likely to be true, has more chance of reaching acceptable goals.