19년 1회차

A person in a flotation tank has almost no ______ stimulation. The tank is dark and soundproof, and the person floats in water at body temperature, unable to see or hear and scarcely able to feel anything.

A: Andy, are you busy right now?
B: I’m checking an email about my work schedule tomorrow. Why, what’s up?
A: There’s something I think you need to take care of right away.
B: What is it?
A: The roof. We haven't fixed the leak in it yet and it’s supposed to rain this evening.
B: Really? I didn’t know it was going to rain tonight. I was planning on fixing it this weekend.
A: I know, but you can do it right now? Otherwise, ______.
B: Okay. I’ll fix it right away.

아버지는 늘 말했다: ‘모두를 독립된 개인으로서 대접해야 하고 절대로 거만하게 행동하면 안 된다.’

My father always said: ‘Treat everybody as an independent individual and never ______.’

대표단은 회의에 참가하고 이러한 과정을 운영하는 다른 학교를 방문함으로써 국가 발전에 뒤처지지 않을 것이다.

Representative staff will ______ national developments by attending conferences and visiting other schools piloting such courses.

It is as (A) [despite/though] being in the zone plugs you into a kind of power pack―for the time you are there, you receive more energy than you expend. Energy drives all of our lives. This isn’t a simple matter of physical energy we think we have or don’t have but (B) [in/of] our mental or psychic energy. Mental energy is not a fixed substance. It rises and falls with our passion and commitment to (C) [what/which] we are doing at the time. The key difference is in our attitude, and our sense of resonance with an activity. As the song says, “I could have danced all night.”

For the rest of his life, Terman watched over his charges ① like a mother hen. They were tracked and ② tested, measured and analyzed. Their educational attainments were noted, marriages followed, illnesses tabulated, psychological health charted, and every promotion and job change ③ dutifully recorded. Terman wrote his recruits letters of recommendation for jobs and graduate school applications. He doled out a constant stream of advice and counsel, all the time ④ recorded his findings in thick red volumes entitled Genetic Studies of Genius.

The basic soft quality of soft lenses comes from their water absorbency. They are usually gas-permeable, allowing oxygen transport to the cornea. This softness and permeability make them considerably more comfortable than hard lenses, and many wearers can adapt to them almost at once. These qualities can be advantageous to wearers, but they come at the expense of some visual clarity. Soft lenses, which may contain anywhere from 30 to 90 percent water, can be very flexible, but what is called their “bag of water” nature has an effect on refraction, yielding less clear images than provided by hard lenses. Additionally, high water content lenses are usually fragile and easily torn. Reducing the water content in order to increase acuity and durability, however, sacrifices comfort. Reducing the plastic content to increase acuity by making a thinner lens usually increases fragility. These tradeoffs are the major problem with soft lenses.

The need for perfection and the desire for inner tranquility conflict with each other. Whenever we are attached to having something a certain way, better than it already is, we are, almost by definition, engaged in a losing battle. Rather than being content and grateful for what we have, we are focused on what’s wrong with something and our need to fix it. When we are zeroed in on what’s wrong, it implies that we are dissatisfied, discontent. The solution here is to catch yourself when you fall into your habit of insisting that things should be other than they are. Gently remind yourself that life is okay the way it is, right now. In the absence of your judgment, everything would be fine. As you begin to eliminate your need for perfection in all areas of your life, you’ll begin to discover the perfection in life itself.

In the enculturation process of their young, individualistic cultures not only promote the fostering of independence but strive to nurture individual achievement, self-expression, and individual or critical thinking. ① Individuals in these cultures generally make educational and career choices based on their own personal needs and desires, rather than those of their families. ② Collective and cooperative efforts are prized over individualized efforts, thus social and familial relationships and networks are primary, extensive, and interlocking. ③ Roles and social relationships in individualistic cultures are less rigidly hierarchial and more fluid than in collectivistic cultures, and rules governing social interactions are also less dictated by age and gender roles. ④ The more individualistic a society is, the more the education system of the society emphasizes the right for students to speak up and actively participate in the learning process, especially in secondary and higher education.

Fauvism was a brief art movement lasting a few years at the turn of the 20th century. Henri Matisse and Andre Derain are considered its leaders. Fauvism was a wild reaction to the serene freedom of the Impressionists. A Fauve’s brush worked erratically with bold colors. The Fauves relied on unnatural colors to express their strong individual emotions. In this way, they followed in the tradition of Vincent van Gogh. Critics have used words such as brash, arbitrary, and forceful to describe Fauvist artwork. Though short-lived, Fauvism was one of the first radical movements in modern art. It paved the way for future avantgarde trends such a cubism.

W: Today’s guest is the world-class athlete Thor Odinson. Thanks for joining us.
M: I’m glad to be here.
W: Your struggle with cancer is well-known. When first diagnosed with cancer, you were the world’s top cyclist. Could you tell us a bit about that?
M: At the age 25, I was number one in cycling. When I was told that I had cancer, racing suddenly seemed much less important. At that time, my first priority was simply to live.
W: I can’t even imagine how hard that must have been. What made you decide to return to cycling a year later?
M: It was a rough year, but ______. Throughout the treatments, I realized that I couldn’t live without cycling. I was determined to continue cycling once I recovered enough.
W: You are really strong. You’ve already achieved amazing success in your life as a cyclist. What’s next for Thor Odinson?
M: I guess you’ll just have to wait and see!

Less well known is the paradox of tolerance: Unlimited tolerance must lead to the disappearance of tolerance. If we extend unlimited tolerance even to those who are intolerant, if we are not prepared to defend a tolerant society against the onslaught of the intolerant, then the tolerant will be destroyed, and tolerance with them. — In this formulation, I do not imply, for instance, that we should always suppress the utterance of intolerant philosophies; as long as we can counter them by rational argument and keep them in check by public opinion, suppression would certainly be unwise. But we should claim the right to suppress them if necessary even by force; for it may easily turn out that they are not prepared to meet us on the level of rational argument, but begin by denouncing all argument; they may forbid their followers to listen to rational argument, because it is deceptive, and teach them to answer arguments by the use of their fists or pistols. We should therefore claim, in the name of tolerance, the right ______.

The vast majority of farmers lived in permanent settlements; only a few were nomadic shepherds. Settling down caused most peoples turf to shrink dramatically.

(A) Peasants, on the other hand, spent most of their days working a small field or orchard, and their domestic lives centred on a cramped structure of wood, stone or mud, measuring no more than a few dozen metres―the house. The typical peasant developed a very strong attachment to this structure.
(B) Ancient hunter-gatherers usually lived in territories covering many dozens and even hundreds of square kilometres. ‘Home’ was the entire territory, with its hills, streams, woods and open sky.
(C) This was a far-reaching revolution, whose impact was psychological as much as architectural. Henceforth, attachment to ‘my house’ and separation from the neighbours became the psychological hallmark of a much more self-centred creature.

(A) A print is a work of art made up of ink on paper and existing in multiple examples. It is created not by drawing on paper with a pen or other instrument, but through an indirect transfer process. The artist begins by drawing a composition on another surface and the transfer occurs when a sheet of paper, placed in contact with this surface, is run through a printing press. Among the advantages of making an artwork in this way is that numerous “impressions” can be made, because new pieces of paper can be sent through the press in the same way. The artist decides how many to make and the total number of impressions is called an “edition.”

Louis Braille was born in Coupvray, France, on January 4, 1809. He attended the National Institute for Blind Youth in Paris, France, as a student. At that time, books were created using raised print which was laborious to produce, hard to read, and difficult for individuals to write. While attending the Institute, Braille yearned for more books to read. He experimented with ways to create an alphabet that was easy to read with the fingertips. The writing system he invented, at age fifteen, evolved from the tactile “Ecriture Nocturne” (night writing) code invented by Charles Barbier for sending military messages that could be read on the battlefield at night, without light.

When accepted and expressed, envy can be beneficial, and even pleasant. It’s an emotion which carries the power to motivate change combined with a clearly defined goal. It is a desire which induces competitiveness, pushes us out of our comfort zone, and drives us to try harder and pursue greater things. When accepted and dealt with consciously, envy may also transform into admiration. With the understanding and appreciation of the challenges and difficulties of reaching some goals, we also learn to appreciate the efforts which the object of our envy must have invested. And it is that exact same desire for someone else’s achievements, joint with understanding and appreciation, which bring forth the emotion of respect and admiration.

None of the young people we talked to in focus groups and interviews reported putting care into reviewing these policies regularly.

Young people face a major privacy challenge with respect to information they post about themselves, let alone what other people post about them or what third parties collect about them. ( ① ) For starters, many young people are not aware of the choices they can make as they begin to use online services. ( ② ) And even for those who are aware of the choices, keeping track of privacy settings can be difficult; from a practical standpoint, young people are unlikely to attempt it. ( ③ ) There is plenty of evidence to suggest that no one―whether native to digital life or not―reads privacy policies or does much to adjust the default settings for online services. ( ④ ) Even the most sophisticated young people made clear that they almost never read these policies or compared the privacy policies among services.

Plant life is resilient. For example, a few weeks after the Mt. St. Helens volcano erupted in Washington in 1980, flowers were growing in the ashes.